2. Ruled by Henry VII (late 15 th century) His son Arthur dies as a young adult –Brother Henry VIII marries his widow (Catherine) Henry VII dies in 1509 –Henry VIII takes the throne as King of England Henry VIII seeks a male heir –Only child is Mary He seeks an annulment from his wife –Pope would not grant an annulment because there was no infidelity

3. Henry’s Issues Henry splits England from the Catholic Church –Pope said no to the annulment –He starts the Protestant Church of England Henry married six times –They end in divorce, beheading, death, & ultimately his death –Only has one boy: Edward VI Edward VI was a sickly child & died as young king Throne passes to first-born heir – Mary I –AKA Bloody Mary for her attacks on Protestants –Dies of cancer Eventually succeeded by Elizabeth I –One of England’s most powerful & longest reins –Restored Protestant faith to England

4. Family Tree Ferdinand Ruled 1476-1516 Isabella of CastileHenry VII (Died 1509) Elizabeth of York Catherine of Aragon Arthur (Died 6 months after wedding) Henry VIII Betrothed at 3 years old Married in 1501 Married in 1509/Divorced(Anullement) in 1533 Elizabeth I Born 1533/Ruled 1558-1603 Jane Seymour Edward VI Born1537/Ruled 1546-1553 Philip II of Spain Born 1527/Ruled 1556-1598 Married in 1555 Mary a.k.a. Bloody Mary Born 1516/Ruled 1553-1558 Anne Boleyn

5. Rise of England Elizabeth allowed sailors to attack Spanish ships –Led by Francis Drake –Gave a portion of the loot to the English govt. Philip II of Spain offered to marry Elizabeth to stop the attacks & make England Catholic again

6. Philip II unloads the country’s treasury to build a fleet 130 ships, called the Spanish Armada to crush England Spain built huge galleons that were larger, but slower than the English ships The ships were large enough to carry: - The newest, most powerful cannons - Sailors to man the ship - Army to unload on the coast - Priests to convert the English people to Catholicism The ships were large enough to carry: - The newest, most powerful cannons - Sailors to man the ship - Army to unload on the coast - Priests to convert the English people to Catholicism

8. Attack of the Armada The English used every ship in their fleet to defeat Armada –2–200 total (mostly armed, merchant ships) –T–They stripped many ships & lit them on fire, pushing them into the Armada Retreating Armada blown into the rocks –K–Known as Protestant Wind –½–½ ships never return to Spain