1. Conflict and absolutism in Europe
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How does the exercise of absolute power affect a country?

2. TEKS and Objectives We will… I will…
(20A) explain the development of democratic-republican government from its beginnings in the English Civil War (20B) identify the political and legal ideas contained in the English Bill of Rights (24B) describe the influences of women such at Elizabeth I.
Summarize how absolute monarchs obtained and exercised power

3. Revolutions in England
Elizabeth I
No heir to the throne
James I ( )
Gunpowder Plot: failed assassination by English Catholics
Divine Right of Kings: the belief that the king gets his power from God and not from his subjects
Refused to work with Parliament
Puritans: English Protestants who believed that the Church of England needed more reform
Formed an important part of the English Parliament

4. Revolutions in England
Charles I ( )
Tried to raise money without Parliament
Imprisoned those who refused to pay
The Petition of Right
No taxes without consent of Parliament
No imprisonment without cause
No quartering of soldiers in homes
No martial law during peacetime
Effect: limited the power of the king and protected civil rights

5. English Civil War The Long Parliament Cavaliers: king’s army
Summoned by Charles I to raise money
Charles attempted to have members of Parliament arrested
Cavaliers: king’s army
Roundheads: Parliament’s army (New Model Army) led by Oliver Cromwell

6. The Commonwealth and the Protectorate
Civil War outcome was threefold
Trial and execution of Charles I
Charles II (son) exiled
Monarchy replaced by Commonwealth of England (republic)
Oliver Cromwell ( )
Leading commander of Parliamentary Army
Lord Protector of the Protectorate (military dictatorship)
Tried to “purify” England (banned make-up, sports, drinking, and Christmas)
Terrorized English Catholics (sent children to work on plantations in West Indies)

7. The Restoration Period
The Restoration: the return of the Stuart Monarchy
Charles II ( )
The Merry Monarch: cheerful, witty, and fond of good time
Re-opened bars, brought back Christmas
Charles II and Catholicism
Catholic sympathizer
Converted on his deathbed

8. The Glorious Revolution
James II ( )
Charles II’s brother and open Catholic
Wife gave birth to a son (potential Catholic ruler)
The Glorious Revolution
Parliament asked William of Orange (Dutch) to invade
James and his family fled
Little bloodshed
William and Mary ( )
Both rulers were Protestant
Willing to work with Parliament

9. Constitutional Monarchy
English Bill of Rights
Accepted by William and Mary
Guaranteed certain rights of citizens
Limited power of the crown
Led to a Constitutional Monarchy
Parliament is supreme head of the government

10. Rise of Absolute Rulers
Absolutism: a political system in which a ruler holds total power

11. Absolutism in Europe Causes Effects
Breakdown of Feudalism/Rise of Nation States
Continuous warfare
Need for money
Exploration
Declining influence of the Church
Regulation of religion and society
Loss of power by nobility and legislatures
New government bureaucracies (state officials)
Huge building projects

12. Characteristics of Absolute Monarchs
Ruler has TOTAL power over a country
Ruler leads for life
Power is passed down through bloodlines (children)
Divine Right: right to rule granted by God

13. Philip II King of Spain Great wealth from New World colonies
Defender of Catholicism
Claims Divine Right

15. Henry VIII Tudor King of England Breaks from Catholic Church
Marries 6 times
Daughter Elizabeth develops Anglican Church

16. Louis XIV King of France Called the “Sun King”
Strongest army in Europe
Builds the palace of Versailles

21. Peter the Great Czar of Russia Westernizes Russia
Reduced power of nobility
New Capital – St. Petersburg

22. Russia under Peter the Great