1. Building The topic ‘Building’ can be divided into three parts: Passive fire protection Fire protection that is built-in in the building (for example fire compartmentation). Active fire protection Fire protection that has to be activated to affect the fire, smoke or to start evacuation An example of active fire protection is an automatic water sprinkler system. Evacuation How to provide safe evacuation. The passive and the active fire protection are called buildings technical fire protection.

2. Passive fire protection Fire compartments (fire cells) The building is divided into fire compartments to prevent smoke and fire to spread within the building. Building materials The use of different materials affects the total fire load and the time the building can withstand the fire before collapse. Surface layer Different materials used as surface finishing affects the fire spread. Some materials can also be used as fire protection on beams etc. to increase the time they can withstand high temperatures. Building

3. Active fire protection Sprinkler systems - Water sprinkler Controls the fire and hopefully puts it out. - Foam sprinkler Control the fire and maybe puts it out. Especially used for liquid pool fires. Gas suppression system There are different gases that are used to cool and suffocate the fire. Examples of gases are carbon dioxide, nitrogen and halogen replacement. Fire alarm Detects the fire and brings someone's attention there is a fire, e.g. the fire brigade or someone in the organisation. May also activate fire protection systems. Evacuation alarm Brings peoples attention to start to evacuate. Smoke ventilation systems (smoke management) Extracts smoke to lower temperature and achieve better visibility. Increases available time for evacuation. Building

4. Evacuation Safe evacuation is evaluated based on: Availability Walking distances Access Equipment (exit signs etc.) Building

5. Evacuation Availability General requirement is 2 separate escape routes Building

6. Evacuation Walking distances You need to limit the walking distances to the emergency exits! Building

7. Evacuation Access Doors need generally to be opened in the escape direction! Emergency exits must not be locked or cut off! Building

8. Evacuation Equipment (exit signs etc.) Escape routes need to be marked with exit signs! Building