1. Diseases & Disorders Created by: Stevenson Health Team

2. What is a Disease? Disease : conditions or disorders that result in the body not functioning properly

3. How do you get Diseases?  Direct Contact : contact directly with another person  Infected Body Fluids, Open Cuts or Sores  (EX) Physical contact with another person  Indirect-Airborne : contact with organisms in the air  Sneezing, Coughing, Talking, Respiratory Discharge  (EX) sneezing then touching doorknob  Environment : contact with animals or insects  (EX) mosquitos spread disease

4. Causes of Diseases:  Pathogen (GERM) :  Infectious microorganism that invades the body and attacks the cells and tissues  Types of Pathogens :  1. Bacteria  2. Virus  3. Fungi

5. Pathogen = GERM  Bacteria : member of a large group of microorganisms lacking organelles in a nucleus – some that cause diseases  Live on or inside the body  Can exist independently (free-living) or parasites (depend on another organism for life)  Toxin = Poison  Treated with Antibiotics  EX: Strep Throat  Pneumonia

6. Pathogen = GERM  Virus : a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cell or an organism  Can infect all types of organisms – humans, animals, plants  Prevented with Vaccinations  EX: Common Cold  Flu  Chicken Pox

7. Pathogen = GERM  Fungi : organisms that can’t make their own food – feed off dead animals  Prefer dark/damp environments  Invade deep tissues of the hair, nails, skin  EX: Mold and Mushrooms  Athletes Foot

8. How can we Destroy Pathogens?  Antibodies : protein found in the blood use by the immune system to identify foreign objects like bacteria or virus  Neutralize and Destroy pathogens  Phagocytes: T-Cells that Engulf & Destroy pathogens  T-Cells are a type of White Blood Cell (WBC) that keep your immune system healthy

9. Body’s Protection  Immunity : body’s natural defense against disease  Passive Immunity  Temporary – Mother passes it to baby through breast milk  Active Immunity  Your body remembers pathogens and provides long term protection

10. Three Lines of Defense = Protection  Physical Barriers : body’s main line of defense  Skin = largest organ  Chemical Barriers: body fluids  Tears, Saliva, Digestive Fluids  Inflammatory Barriers : lymphocytes  White Blood Cells (WBC’s) that travel through the bloodstream

11. Vaccines (Prevention)  Live-Virus Vaccine - Weakened virus injected in the body  Stimulated body to produce antibodies without getting the disease  EX: Measles, Rubella  Killed-Virus Vaccine - Stimulated body to produce antibodies but is not as powerful as live-virus vaccine  EX: Booster Shots  Toxoid - Caused by bacteria that produce toxins  EX: Tetanus  Recumbent - Cloned virus used to stimulate an immune response  EX: Hepatitis B

12. Categories of Diseases  Communicable : infectious/contagious  Transmitted from one organism to another  EX: STD’s, Cold, Flu  Non-Communicable: NOT infectious/contagious  Can’t be transmitted  EX: Diabetes, Heart Disease, Stroke

13. Non-Communicable Diseases  Heart Disease – #1 leading cause of death in America  Hypertension – high blood pressure  Arteriosclerosis – hardening of the arteries  Atherosclerosis – fatty deposits collect in the artery wall  Cancer – abnormal cell growth that spreads rapidly  Carcinogen – cancer causing agent  Stroke – loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain - caused by a blocked or burst blood vessel

14. Non-Communicable Diseases  Epilepsy - neurological disorder – recurring seizures – abnormal activity in the brain when the brain sends out abnormal signals – episodes of disturbed brain activity that cause changes in attention or behavior - burst of nerve impulses in the brain  Typically controlled with medication  Asthma – causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow, leading to wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.  Arthritis – inflammation of the joints

15. Non-Communicable Diseases  Diabetes – person has a high blood sugar level (glucose)  Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas which allows the body cells to absorb glucose)  Diabetes Type #1 – body can’t produce enough insulin  Diabetes Type #2 – cells fail to use insulin properly that is produced in the body – related to obesity  Gestational Diabetes – mother who has never had diabetes before, now during pregnancy has a high blood glucose level

16. Acute vs. Chronic Diseases  Acute : short-term  EX: Common Cold, Chicken Pox, Flu  Chronic: long-term  EX: Diabetes, Heart Disease, Stroke

17. Communication with our Body  Biofeedback: becoming aware of physical events in your body are involuntary  (autonomic nervous system)  Used to manage stress, relieve anxiety, headaches, and tension  EX: weighing yourself, taking your pulse