1. November 2014 © Copyright FNC 2013 Colombian Coffee Growers Federation Research Efforts on Quality

2. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) Challenges for Colombian Coffee Sustainability : Climate Change and Climate Variability  Adaptation (Plant by Environment Interaction)  Quality Consistence and Opportunities 1. Methodological approaches for measuring Quality -NIRS 2. Coffee Genetic Resources : Variability Studies and Necessity to increase the Genetic Base and to Explore Opportunities on Quality 3. The Origin(s) umbrella for Colombian Differentiation: Variety by Environment Interaction 4- What is the future in new varieties Agenda

3. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) Challenges for Colombian Coffee Sustainability : Climate Change and Climate Variability  Adaptation (Plant by Environment Interaction) 1. Methodological approaches for measuring Quality -NIRS 2. Coffee Genetic Resources : Variability Studies and Necessity to increase the Genetic Base and to Explore Opportunities on Quality 3. The Origin(s) umbrella for Colombian Differentiation: Variety by Environment Interaction 4- What is the future in new varieties Agenda

4. Climatic Variability, its consequences and perspectives in coffee production

5. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) Seco Annual rain (mm) Rainfall(mm) Sunshine(h) Tmax Tmin mm, hours Colombian Coffee Zone and the risk of climatic variability

6. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) Neutro Niño Niña Climate variability requires better and aditionable information, relevant to what is really taking place in different Colombian regions Changes in precipitation in different Colombian regions Changes in solar radiation (less photosynthesis) La Niña 2008-2011. Lessons learned

7. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) Challenges for Colombian Coffee Sustainability : Climate Change and Climate Variability  Adaptation (Plant by Environment Interaction)  Quality Consistence and Opportunities 1. Methodological approaches for measuring Quality -NIRS 2. Coffee Genetic Resources : Variability Studies and Necessity to increase the Genetic Base and to Explore Opportunities on Quality 3. The Origin(s) umbrella for Colombian Differentiation: Variety by Environment Interaction 4- What is the future in new varieties Agenda

8. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) CENTRAL ZONE Variety of flavors Good Balance Characterísticas: Fruity, herbal SOUTH ZONE Acidity: High Body: Medium Characterísticas: Mild, citrus and sweet NORTH ZONE Acidity: Medium Body: High Characterísticas: nutty and chocolate Geographical distribution of the coffee growing area in Colombia (2013) 3,3 million has. in coffee zone 974,000 has in coffee 590 coffee-growing municipalities 20 coffee-growing departaments 17% of agricultural GDP. More than 500,000 farmers whose families represent 25% of rural people. 807,000 direct jobs (33% of agricultural employment) *. Quality and Diversity. Colombia and coffee … *Fuente: Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural

9. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) GENOTYPE (G) (C. arabica C. canephora, and Others species ) ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR (E) (Climate and soil Diversity) AGRONOMIC FACTORS (AF) (Shade, Sunlight, Sanidad, Nutrition…..) HARVEST POST HARVEST (PH) (Good Agronomic Practices and type of processing) QUALITY F (x) = Quality Components

10. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) LABORATORY STRATEGY SPECTRAL DATABASE Samples discriminant Reference analysis (Validated methods) Caffeine and trigonellineChlorogenic acidsSucrose Lipids

11. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) A substantial amount of data related to each sample was systematically obtained during different crop seasons Geographic (5): Latitude, longitude, elevation, slope, aspect Climatic(7): Average temperature, min, max, solar radiation, precipitation, dew point, temperature range between day-night. Production System(43): Farm data(9), grower data(9), Harvest practices (8), soil management(14) “Lote” information(10). Soil Analysis(16): Minerals. FARM Quality related(55): Chemical compounds(15), phisical variables (30), sensory attributes (10). NIRS (1050): Near IR absorption spectrum. Atomic absorption (15): Elements. PLASMA (43): Trace element. 1234 variables per sample. COFFEE Understanding our coffees and regions really well

12. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) Challenges for Colombian Coffee Sustainability : Climate Change and Climate Variability  Adaptation (Plant by Environment Interaction)  Quality Consistence and Opportunities 1. Methodological approaches for measuring Quality -NIRS 2. Coffee Genetic Resources : Variability Studies and Necessity to increase the Genetic Base and to Explore Opportunities on Quality 3. The Origin(s) umbrella for Colombian Differentiation: Variety by Environment Interaction 4- What is the future in new varieties Agenda

13. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) Molecular Markers Molecular Markers Biochemical Content Biochemical Content Sensorial Profile Sensorial Profile Molecular Markers Molecular Markers Biochemical Content Biochemical Content Sensorial Profile Sensorial Profile Germoplasm Estudies: Opportunities On Cup Quality Summary

14. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) CU2021 C. Canephora (Class 3) C. Liberica Class 2) C. Arabica (Class 1) (H de T, Borbon, Maragogipe, A, Chinchina) The first three PCA explained 72% of the total variation. CUALITATIVE ANALYSIS ( DISCRIMINANT) CHARACTERIZATION OF GERMOPLASM FOR BIOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS. ClassCaffeineTrigonelline Chrogenic acid 11.321.095.72 21.531.006.04 32.040.796.52 Mean Values for Biochemical content

15. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) Genotypic Variability from FAO Introductions Principal Coordinate Analysis output for C. arabica accessions from RAPD analysis Our arabica coffee genome studies is providing us information for the next generation of coffee trees being developed to better withstand climate change Working on next Generation of Varieties

16. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) N=289 Variability- Biochemical Content Germoplasm Estudies: Opportunities On Cup Quality

17. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) Selection of Outstanding materials Agronomic Characterization on regional trials: (5 localities: Cauca, Caldas, Antioquia, Santander, Cesar) Low Performance Similar to Reference Check Outstanding vs Check Main Attributess: Fruty notes, butter, honey, citric, limen,, cardamomo Variability- sensorial Profile

18. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) Challenges for Colombian Coffee Sustainability : Climate Change and Climate Variability  Adaptation (Plant by Environment Interaction)  Quality Consistence and Opportunities 1. Methodological approaches for measuring Quality -NIRS 2. Coffee Genetic Resources : Variability Studies and Necessity to increase the Genetic Base and to Explore Opportunities on Quality 3. The Origin(s) umbrella for Colombian Differentiation: Variety by Environment Interaction 4- What is the future in new varieties Agenda

19. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) © FNC-Cenicafé 2011 Figure 1. Scatterplot of canonical scores for the first two canonical functions based on NIRS acquired on ground green coffee The Biochemical Profile as a tool for selection

20. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS: REGIONAL TRIAL OF NEW COFFEE LINES Discriminant analyses in green coffee beans from 5 locations using NIRS analyses Advanced Coffee Lines: Origen Expression

21. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) SITECaffeineTrigonellineLipids CATALINA1.24b0.85cd13.80bc NARANJAL1.14e0.88b13.81bc P. BELLO1.32a0.81e12.69d PARAGUAICITO1.17d0.92a13.97b ROSARIO1.21c0.84d13.89b SANTANDER1.11f0.85c14.25a TAMBO1.21c0.90a13.60c AVERAGE1.20 0.86 13.72 SITEArachidic acidTotal CQASucrose CATALINA3.29a5.82de5.97c NARANJAL3.28a5.93c6.02bc P. BELLO3.28a6.21b5.22e PARAGUAICITO3.25a5.76e6.58a ROSARIO3.24a5.91cd5.66d SANTANDER3.02b6.39a5.76d TAMBO3.24a5.74e6.14b AVERAGE3.23 5.96 5.91 VARIATION OF BIOCHEMICAL CONTENT ACCORDING TO THE GEOGRAPHIC ORIGEN Means values with the same letter are not significantly different. Duncan test Advanced Coffee Lines: Origen Expression

22. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014)

23. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) Challenges for Colombian Coffee Sustainability : Climate Change and Climate Variability  Adaptation (Plant by Environment Interaction)  Quality Consistence and Opportunities 1. Methodological approaches for measuring Quality -NIRS 2. Coffee Genetic Resources : Variability Studies and Necessity to increase the Genetic Base and to Explore Opportunities on Quality 3. The Origin(s) umbrella for Colombian Differentiation: Variety by Environment Interaction 4- What is the future in new varieties and quality?? Agenda

24. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) Variability in the Ideotype Yield Potential Resistance to Coffee rust and CBD High Expression on Cup Quality Identification of the best combination Variety/Environment Castillo® X C. Arabica Introductions Desarrollo de nuevas variedades derivados de Castillo® x Etíopes New varieties Characteristics

25. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) With NIRS data we added agronomic expertise to understand differences Absorption readings with the NIR (900-2500 nm). Each spectrum contains 1050 absorption points (variables). Qualitative and discriminant analysis (PCA). Quantitative analysis (chemical compounds composition) Cauca Tolima Nariño Z.Norte Huila Almost 10 years developing databases

26. Mayo 2014© Copyright FNC (2014) Studies of impact of weather on coffee production El Niño La Niña THANKS