1. Vocabulary Presentation Noel Hernandez and Eliot Somers

2. Terms of Focus Personification o Pathetic Fallacy o Metonymy o Synecdoche Irony o Verbal o Structural o Dramatic o Tragedy o Cosmic

3. Personification Is a figure of thought (or Trope) in which an abstract concept, animal, or inanimate object is treated as though it were alive or had human attributes Figurative Language Example: The fire ran wild.

4. Pathetic Fallacy Is a special type of personification, in which inanimate aspects of nature, such as landscape or the weather, are represented as having human qualities or feelings. Figurative Language Example: The rain cried upon my window.

5. Synecdoche Is derived from the Greek word for “to take up together,” is a figure of thought in which the term for part of something is used to represent the whole, or, less commonly, the term for the whole is used to represent a part. Figurative Language Example: All hands on deck!

6. Metonymy Is a trope which substitutes the name of an entity with something else that is closely associated with it Figurative Language Example: The White House decided to pass a new law.

7. Verbal Irony Consists of implying a meaning different from, and often the complete opposite of, the one that is explicitly stated. Usually, the irony is signaled by clues in the context f the situation or in the style of expression Figurative Language Example: Her heart was as soft as concrete.

8. Structural Irony Refers to an implication of alternate or reversed meaning that pervades a work. A major technique for sustaining structural irony is the use of naïve protagonist or unreliable narrator who continually interprets events and intentions in ways that the author signal are mistaken Figurative Language Example: "All is for the best!"

9. Dramatic Irony Occurs when the audience is privy to knowledge that one or more of the characters lacks Figurative Language Example: Oedipus: "Why, I'd soon marry my own mother before traversing these mountains!"

10. Tragic Irony Dramatic irony in tragic drama Figurative Language Example: Also when Romeo and Juliet die in the chamber.

11. Cosmic Irony Refers to an implied worldview in which characters are led to embrace false hopes of aid or success, only to be created by some larger force, such as god or fate Figurative Language Example: Harry Potter - Voldemort chooses to believe the prophecy about Harry stopping him is reality, therefore it becomes reality.