1. Final Review

2. Oedipus the King Author: Sophocles Genre: Tragic play Setting: Thebes, Ancient Greece Theme: You cannot escape your fate. Conflict: Man vs. self (Oedipus’ hubris, which is also his tragic flaw) Main characters:  Oedipus – name is derived from how he was found: feet pierced  Jocasta  Creon  Tiresias – prophet who tells Oedipus that “he is the murderer for whom he seeks” Dramatic irony: Jocasta asking Oedipus to stop the search Oedipus cursing the killer of King Laius Tragic hero:  Must be a man of importance but is not perfect  Must recognize his error  Must fall as a result of an error in judgment or tragic flaw

3. To Kill a Mockingbird Author: Harper Lee Genre: Historical Fiction Setting: Maycomb, Alabama during the 1930s Theme: It is a sin to harm the innocent Conflicts:  Man vs. society, Man vs. man Important characters: Scout (Jean Louise), Jem, Boo Radley  Atticus Finch – lawyer; morally committed to the Tom Robinson case; teaches Scout and Jem to try to see life from another person’s point of view  Tom Robinson – accused of raping Mayella Ewell; dies while trying to escape prison  Mayella Ewell – a lonely young woman; Bob Ewell- the antagonist Symbolism: The mockingbird symbolizes innocents who have been injured or destroyed through contact with evil. Characterization: How the author reveals the character’s traits to the reader. For example, what the character says, how they act, what they do, ect… Based on the Scottsboro trials, where nine black teenage boys were convicted three times of raping two women, despite evidence otherwise. Charges were eventually dropped for only four of the nine boys; the rest did jail time ranging up to 75 years.

4. Of Mice and Men Author: John Steinbeck Genre: Novella Setting: Salinas Valley, California during the 1930s Themes: The importance of having dreams, the value of friendships, the pain of loneliness Conflicts: Man vs. man, man vs. self Characters to remember:  Lennie and George – friends who travel together  Crooks – angry at unfairness of always being excluded  Candy – finds the body of Curley’s wife  Carlson – shoots Candy’s dog; his gun is used by George to shoot Lennie  Curley – gets hand crushed Foreshadowing:  George tells Lennie to hide if he gets in trouble  The shooting of Candy’s dog  The dead mouse in Lennie’s pocket The title Of Mice and Men refers to the poem by Robert Burns, “To a Mouse Upon Turning up her Nest with a Plough,” which contains lines that translate as "The best-laid schemes of mice and men often go awry."

5. Romeo and Juliet Author: William Shakespeare Genre: Tragic play Setting: Verona, Italy Theme: The inevitability of fate Conflict: Man vs. society, man vs. self Characters: Romeo, Juliet, Friar Lawrence, etc. Dramatic Irony:  When Romeo learns Juliet is “dead” (but we, the audience, know she isn’t really dead) Dramatic Foils: Nurse and Lady Capulet, Tybalt and Benvolio Soliloquy vs Monologue  Soliloquy is when a character gives a long speech while they are alone (or believe they are alone) on the stage  Monologue is when a character gives a long uninterrupted speech to another character

6. English 9R Final Exam: Practice Claim/Argument Essay Directions: Closely read each of the three (3) texts provided and write a source- based essay on the topic below. You may use the margins to annotate as you read and scrap paper to plan your response. Write your response on the paper provided. Topic : Is it easier for people to misbehave when they are in a group setting ? Your Task: Carefully read each of the three (3) texts provided. Then, using evidence from at least two (2) of the texts, write a well-developed argument regarding intimidation. Clearly establish your claim, distinguish your claim from alternate or opposing claims, and use specific, relevant, and sufficient evidence from at least two (2) of the texts to develop your argument. Do not simply summarize each text. Guidelines: - Establish your claim regarding group mentality - Use specific, relevant, and sufficient evidence from at least two (2) of the texts to develop your argument - Identify each source that you reference by text letter and line number(s) (e.g. text A, line 4) - Organize your ideas in a cohesive and coherent manner - Maintain a formal style of writing

7. Tips Create an outline or graphic organizer (up to 5 extra points given for outline) Shoot for a 5 paragraph essay  Intro  3 Body paragraphs (last one includes counterclaim)  Conclusion Mention the other side of the argument  For example: “Despite the argument that people make their own decisions, regardless of their surroundings, mob mentality is a real thing.”