1. Metallicity Models: Evolving the Chemistry of the Universe

2. Metallicity [Fe/H]=log 10 (N Fe /N H) Star - log 10 (N Fe /N H) Sun For the Sun 1.8% by mass

3. Models of Metallicity Generation The Big Bang leads to Nuclides These Nuclides form the First Stars The First Stars Ashes form successive generations of stars. The Modern Generations of Stars form planets

4. Population III The First Stars form the original material Limited to H, He and trace Li elements. These Stars are very massive and short lived - Heger and Woolsey

5. The Death of Population III Large Stars Helium Cores over 133.31 M ☉ too large to form novae Collapse would form 40 M ☉ Black Hole Stars with Helium Cores between 64 and 130 M ☉ Collapse forming on upper limit a Super Novae 100 times brighter than Type Ia

6. Death of Population III Helium Cores less than 64 M ☉ Three Collapses First Collapse results in Type II Supernova (Mass Loss 12.8 M ☉ Luminosity 1.2 x 10 51 erg) 5000 years later Second Collapse (Mass Loss 2.7 M ☉ Luminosity 1.3 x 10 50 erg) 8 Days later Third Collapse (Mass Loss 2.2 M ☉ Luminosity 5.7 x 10 50 erg)

7. Death of Population III Models show that Ultra Metal Poor Stars would produce mainly CNO and Black Holes If the models are correct there will not be found stars with CNO lower than the models

8. Galaxies Stirring the Products Modeling the Star Formation in the Center of a Barred Spiral Galaxy The Central Regions with Star Forming regions create and spread Metals through a galaxy

10. Metallicity Forming Planets Standard Accretion Model Low Metallicity Disks Have Observed Short Life Times Dust Settling Time vs. Photoevaporation

12. Observed Planets to the Model The Accretion Model Fits Observed Data Any Future Observation Planets in the Forbidden Zone would Require Accretion Model to be updated

14. Conclusions Metallicity traces the origin of Stars The remains of the first stars may only be detectable in the ash Galaxies mix the ash Planet Formation needs large metallicity

15. References and Media Carroll, Bradley W. An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics, San Francisco, Pearson Addison Wesley, Second Edition Generalic, Eni. “EniG. Periodic Table of the Elements.” 15 Jan.2013. KTF-Split. [Accessed 3rd April 2013] Heger, A., Woosley, S. E. The nucleosynthetic signature of population III, Astrophysics Journal 567 (2002) 532-543 Johnson, Jarrett L. and Li, Hui The First Planets: The Critical Metallicity for Planet Formation, Astrophysics Journal 751 (May 2012) 81 Martel, Hugo, Kawat, Daisuke and Ellison, Sara The Connection between Star Formation and Metallicity Evolution in Barred Spiral Galaxies, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society February 2013 Phillips, A. C., The Physics of Stars, Chichester, John Wiley & Sons, LTD, Second Edition Woosley, S. E. et al Nucleosynthesis Now and Then, Chemical Abundances in the Universe: Connecting First Stars to Planets Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 265 (2009) 4-11