1. Absolute and Enlightened Monarchs

2.  A ruler with complete authority over the government and people – believe in divine right (power to rule comes from God)

3.  Absolute ruler who uses his or her power to bring about political and social change

4.  Country – France  Years of Reign – 1643 to 1715  Type of Monarch – Absolute Monarch

5.  Louis XIV was 5’5 so he wore high-heel shoes to make himself appear taller

6.  Sun King – saw himself as the center of the state  L’etat c’est moi (I am the state)  Versailles – symbolizes his wealth and power Versailles

8. 36,000 labors and 6,000 horses worked on the palace 36,000 labors and 6,000 horses worked on the palace 2,000 rooms 2,000 rooms 15,000 acres 15,000 acres 1,400 fountains 1,400 fountains Estimated cost- 2 billion dollars (1994) Estimated cost- 2 billion dollars (1994) Did you know?

10.  Country – Russia  Years of Reign – 1689 to 1725  Type of Monarch – Absolute Monarch  St. Petersburg St. Petersburg

11.  Peter the Great was 6’ 8  Peter loved practical jokes  Horrible temper  If you made him really upset he would have the person’s nostrils taken out with iron pincers  When his oldest son opposed him he had him imprisoned and killed

12.  Westernize Russia – technology  Build up Russian military  Russian Expansion – warm-water port (trade with west all year long) – did not achieve this  St. Petersburg – window to the west (modern city in Russia)

13.  Country – Prussia  Years of Reign –1740 to 1786  Type of Monarch – Enlightened Monarch

14.  Military accomplishments – Frederick the Great  Enlightened – tolerated religious differences & gave seeds and tools to peasants who had suffered in Prussia’s wars

15.  Country – Russia  Years of Reign – 1762 to 1796  Type of Monarch – Enlightened Monarch Peter the III

16.  Catherine was the daughter of a German prince  At 15 she married the Grand Duke Peter, heir to the Russian throne.  Marriage=disaster Peter was mentally unstable  He spent most of his time playing with toy soldiers

17.  Catherine in 1972, months after Peter became czar, had him arrested and confined.  Peter conveniently died, probably by murder.

18.  Warm-water port – fought Ottomans and gained a port along the Black Sea  Enlightened – began state sponsored education for boys and girls

19.  1598 – Religious tolerance for French protestants (Huguenots)  1685 – revoked by Louis XIV (taken back)

20.  Between 1770 and 1790 – Poland disappeared from the map of Europe  3 partitions (divisions)  Austria (Joseph II), Prussia (Frederick the Great), and Russia (Catherine the Great) each took part of Poland