1. Studying Populations Chapter 1, section 2

2. Background Knowledge BW 11-3-09  Have you ever seen scientists in a television documentary capture a wild animal, such as a wolf, bear, or bird, and then tag it with a specific color or mark and release it?  What was the purpose of this procedure?  Why might scientists want to determine the number of individuals in a population?

3. Discover Activity  What’s the Population of Beans in a Jar? Read page 13 Read page 13 Materials: 2 large jars, dried beans, ruler, small jar, timer Materials: 2 large jars, dried beans, ruler, small jar, timer In your journal, write a definition of the term estimate based on what you did. In your journal, write a definition of the term estimate based on what you did.

4. Reading Preview p.13  Read the red headings.  Fold a piece of paper in your science spiral “hotdog” style.  Change the red headings into questions and write these on the left side of the paper.  While reading each section, answer the questions on the right side of the paper.

6. Determining Population Size  What is a population?  Why might scientists want to determine the number of individuals in a population?

7. What method to use?  What method would you use to count the number of individuals in the following populations? Give a REASON for your answers. grizzly bears in a national park grizzly bears in a national park Grasshoppers in a field Grasshoppers in a field Herons on a large pond Herons on a large pond

8. Changes in Population Size  If all the needs of a population are met, what will most likely happen to the size of the population?  Can the size of the population continue to increase indefinitely? Why?

9. BW 11-4-09  An oyster bed is 100 meters long and 50 meters wide. In a 1-square meter area you count 20 oysters. Estimate the population of oysters in the bed. (Hint: Drawing a diagram may help you set up your calculation.)

10. Limiting Factors  Read pages 18-20.  Is food a limiting factor for plants? Why or Why not?  What factors do limit the size of plant populations?  How do these factors limit plant populations?

11. Limiting Factors  In small groups, make a two-column chart.  List the limiting factors of populations of left  Tell how the factors can limit populations on the right  Share with another group.

12. Page 59 answers  1. 168 toads

13. 2. Increase; through the birth of offspring or immigration; Decrease: through deaths or emigration

14.  3. 1992-1994  AND  1997-1999

15.  4. 1994-1997

16.  5. 1994; about 225 squirrels

17.  6. A population can change in size when new members enter the population or when members leave the population.

18.  7. Food: If food is limited, the population will not increase beyond the number that the food supply can support.  Space: Without sufficient space, organisms may not be able to reproduce or may not get enough of the things they need to survive, such as water, sunlight, and nutrients.  Weather: Both normal seasonal changes in temperature or rainfall and severe weather conditions can kill many members of a population.

19.  8. The number of individuals per unit of area.

20.  9. The largest population that an environment can support.

21.  10. Moving into a population.

22. BW 11-05-09  Name as many factors that limit the size of a populationas you can.

23. Enrichment  Some bacteria doubles every 30 minutes!  See pictures of bacteria.

25. Counting Turtles Lab  Page 21  Materials: 30 squares of paper, “pond box” graph paper, calculator per group

26. BW 11-6-09  Suppose 1,600 snow geese died in the same year that 1,400 were born. What would the growth rate be for that year?

27. Expert in Deer Overpopulation  You will be an EXPERT in the area of deer overpopulation.  You will attend a pretend city counsel meeting (through a class meeting) and speak about the problems and the solutions. You must be knowledgeable enough to carry on a discussion with other experts.  Gather all the knowledge about this problem What are some problems with deer overpopulation? What are some problems with deer overpopulation? What are some solutions with deer overpopulation? What are some solutions with deer overpopulation? What is the main problem with deer OP? What is the main problem with deer OP? What is the best solution for deer OP? What is the best solution for deer OP?

28. Deer Overpopulation  Food has become a limiting factor for the rapidly growing populations of white-tailed deer in Valley Park, Missouri.  People must decide how to reduce the deer population.  What are some limiting factors for populations?  What would be the effect on a population if the food supply is insufficient to support all the individuals?

29. Deer Overpopulation  Look at the large picture of the white-tailed deer on page 22-23.  In Valley Park there are no natural predators and their populations have increased rapidly.  Many of their habitats have been destroyed due to land development.  These conditions have made the food supply for many deer inadequate.

30. Deer Overpopulation Background Information  Deer overpopulation can also be hazardous to human health.  Increase in Lyme disease in the US Deer carry ticks that may be smaller than the head of a pin Deer carry ticks that may be smaller than the head of a pin Ticks carry a bacterium which causes Lyme disease Ticks carry a bacterium which causes Lyme disease Ticks attach themselves to people walking through infested areas Ticks attach themselves to people walking through infested areas ticks’ bite transfers the bacteria to humans ticks’ bite transfers the bacteria to humans Reddish rash shaped like a bull’s eye usually appears within days fo the tick’s bite Reddish rash shaped like a bull’s eye usually appears within days fo the tick’s bite Other early symptoms of Lyme disease might include fatigue, fever, chills, and headache Other early symptoms of Lyme disease might include fatigue, fever, chills, and headache Left untreated, the disease can inflame the heart muscle and nerves or cause painful arthritis in the joints. Left untreated, the disease can inflame the heart muscle and nerves or cause painful arthritis in the joints. Antibiotics, if taken soon after symptoms appear, are an effective treatment for Lyme disease. Antibiotics, if taken soon after symptoms appear, are an effective treatment for Lyme disease. 1998, the US FDA approved a vaccine for Lyme disease, but it was taken off the market in 2002. 1998, the US FDA approved a vaccine for Lyme disease, but it was taken off the market in 2002.

31. Background Knowledge  Go Online at www.phschool.com www.phschool.com Web Code: ceh-5010 Web Code: ceh-5010 Read the information and take notes Read the information and take notes

32. Deer Overpopulation  What are some ways that the deer population might be controlled?  Read the 3 questions in the box “You Decide” on page 23. You will be answering these questions at the very end after much research on this problem.  Read page 22-23 and the article your group has been given. Use a highlighter to point out important info Use a highlighter to point out important info Use a pencil to make notes within the article Use a pencil to make notes within the article Use the outline to organize the info Use the outline to organize the info

33. Deer Population Questions  Complete these after the class meeting.  Do page 38 #’s 21-24 and Chapter Project with your partner.

34. 1. Identify the problem In your own words, explain the problem created by the overpopulation of white- tailed deer. In your own words, explain the problem created by the overpopulation of white- tailed deer. How does this effect other animals in the area?How does this effect other animals in the area? How does this effect people in Valley Park.How does this effect people in Valley Park.

35. 2. Analyze the Options  List the ways that people can deal with the overpopulation of white-tailed deer.  State the positive and negative points of each method.  Choose one of the methods that you feel is the best way to control the deer overpopulation and become an expert on it for own town meeting.

36. 3. Find a Solution  You will propose a way for the community to deal with the problem at our “town meeting.” Use www.ikeepbookmarks.comwww.ikeepbookmarks.com You may search the web after you use my articles on ikeepbookmarks. Take lots of notes You may print out articles and use a highlighter if you find the article has a lot of good points.