1. Microbes
L.O: To be able to name the three types of microbes and explain how they can cause disease.
Starter: Name as many diseases as you can, do you know what causes them?

3. Different types of microbes
There are three types of microbes:
microbes
bacteria
viruses
fungi

4. Disease
A disease is any condition where the body isn’t working as it should. This could be caused by a malfunction in the body (as with diabetes), or it could be caused by the two types of MICROBE:
Bacteria
Viruses
1/1000th mm big
Living cells (some are harmless)
Grow very quickly
Affected by antibiotics
Examples: food poisoning, tetanus, TB, Impetigo
1/1,000,000th mm big
Genetic info inside a protein coat
Not affected by antibiotics
Release poisons
Examples: colds, flu, polio, chicken pox, measles
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5. Fungi
Fungi are another form of microbe. There are many different varieties ranging from bread mould to mushrooms.
Complete the microbe quest
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6. Which type of microbe?

7. Microbes
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Microbes are micro organisms that are too small to be seen. A pathogen is a microbe that can cause diseases if it enters the body. 1 microbe can reproduce very quickly at your body temperature.
They can be breathed in through the mouth or nose
They can be ingested (eaten) through the mouth
They can enter through cuts or bites in the skin or just by touching something
…or other natural openings…
Natural Defences sheet

8. Are any microbes useful?
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Are any microbes useful?

9. Using microbes – bacteria and fungi
Bacteria grow in milk to make it ‘go off’.
This type of bacterial growth is used to make milk into yoghurt.
Cheese is another product that is made from milk.
Fungi can also be used to make food. The meat substitute Quorn is a protein produced using fungi.

10. Using microbes – yeast energy carbon glucose oxygen water dioxide
Yeast is a type of fungus and carries out respiration.
The respiration of this microbe can be used in different ways in baking bread and in brewing.
The aerobic respiration of yeast is used to make bread rise.
Yeast uses the sugar in bread dough to carry out aerobic respiration:
energy
glucose
oxygen
carbon
dioxide
water
What gas produced by the aerobic respiration of yeast causes bread to rise?

11. Using microbes – yeast carbon energy glucose ethanol dioxide
The anaerobic respiration of yeast is used to make beer and wine.
In this case, the yeast respires without oxygen and produces alcohol (ethanol). This process is known as fermentation.
Yeast converts the sugar into alcohol by anaerobic respiration:
energy
glucose
carbon
dioxide
ethanol
How do brewers make sure that yeast respire without oxygen?

12. Defence against Disease
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Defence against Disease
L.O: To understand how the body defends itself against disease and how diseases are transmitted

13. Microbes: our defence against them
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White blood cells do 3 things:
They eat the microbe
They produce antibodies to neutralise the microbe
The produce antitoxins to neutralise the poisons produced by microbes
Tears contain an enzyme that kills bacteria
The skin acts as a barrier
The breathing organs produce mucus to cover the lining of these organs and trap the microbes
Stomach produces stomach acid
If our skin is cut platelets seal the wound by clotting

14. Fighting disease NATURAL IMMUNITY
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NATURAL IMMUNITY
This is when antibodies are produced by a person when needed or they are passed on by the mother during pregnancy.
ARTIFICIAL IMMUNITY
A vaccine with dead microbes is injected – the body is “tricked” into producing antibodies ready for the real thing. This is called PASSIVE IMMUNISATION

15. Using Antibiotics
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Antibiotics can be used to kill bacteria. However, there are two problems:
Overuse of antibiotics can lead to bacteria becoming resistant
Antibiotics have no effect on a virus, like the common cold. A virus must be allowed to “run its course”.

16. WORD BINGO! Draw a 4x4 grid
Select some of these words to put in your grid in a RANDOM order.
Yeast stomach acid tears
White blood cell engulf antibiotic
Bread quorn scabs
Beer virus bacteria
fungus microbe infect
Earwax skin flu
Chicken pox food poisoning