2. PSYCHOLOGY THE BRAIN

5. Neuron Neuron- a nerve cell, the foundation of the nervous system. (All different shapes and sizes, but all have the same functions.) Dendrite- receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body (soma). Axon- passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles or glands. Synapse- fluid-filled gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another. Myelin Sheath- fatty insulation that may surround an axon or neuron.

6. Fun Facts on Neurons There are 1,000 to 10,000 synapses for a "typical" neuron. There are about 13,500,000 neurons in the human spinal cord. Neurons multiply at a rate 250,000 neurons/minute during early pregnancy. Average number of neurons in the human brain= 100 billion Average number of neurons in an octopus brain= 300 billion

7. Parts of the Neuron - Terminals Axon terminals – The endpoint of a neuron where neurotransmitters are stored

8. Neurotransmitter Neurotransmitter- a chemical messenger that travels across the synapse from one neuron to another. Neurotransmitters serve different functions, depending on the type of receptors and the place they are released in the brain.

9. Neurotransmitters

10. Resting Potential

11. Video Central Nervous System

12. Types of Neurotransmitters Acetylcholine- triggers muscle contraction and affects learning and memory. Dopamine- affects learning, attention and emotion. (excess dopamine is associated with schizophrenia) Serotonin- affects hunger, sleep, arousal, and mood. (low levels of serotonin is associated with depression)

14. A Neural Chain

15. Fun Facts on Neurotransmitters Your brain generates 25 watts of power while you're awake---enough to illuminate a light bulb. Neurotransmitters can be drastically effected by drugs such as marijuana, cocaine etc.

16. Fun Brain Facts The brain has no pain, because there are no nerves that register pain within the brain itself, neurosurgeons can probe the brain while a patient is conscious. They can then use feedback from the patient to identify important regions, such as those used for speech. The brain has the largest area of uncommitted cortex of any species on earth.

18. Frontal Lobe Area around your forehead. It’s involved in judgment, creativity, problem solving and planning.Some areas control movement of muscle groups.

19. Phineas Gage

20. Parietal Lobe Top back area of the brain. Different sections of this area receive signals from different regions of the body. Responsible for touch. Duties include processing higher sensory and language functions. Involved in integrating visual input and in monitoring the body’s position in space.

21. Temporal Lobe Left and right sides of the brain. Responsible for hearing, memory, meaning and language. There is some overlap in the functions of the lobes. Damage to an area on the left side can impair the comprehension of speech and language.

22. Occipital Lobe Located middle back of the brain. Primarily responsible for vision. Visual signals are sent here and processing begins.

23. Brainstem The oldest part and central core of the brain; It begins where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull Is responsible for automatic survival functions

24. Medulla Located at the base of the brainstem Controls life- supporting functions like heartbeat and breathing Damage to this area can lead to death.

27. Thalamus and Olfactory Bulb Thalamus- A brain structure that relays all sensory messages, except smell, to the cerebral cortex. Olfactory Bulb- Where the sense of smell messages come into the brain. It lies near areas involved in emotion.

28. Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland Hypothalamus- A brain structure involved in emotions and drives vital to survival, such as fear, hunger, thirst, and reproduction. Pituitary Gland- A small gland at the base of the brain, which releases many hormones and regulates other glands.

29. DIAGRAM

30. Amygdala & Cerebellum Amygdala- Involved in the arousal and regulation of emotion and the initial emotional response to sensory information. Cerebellum- Regulates movement and balance, and it is involved in the learning of certain kinds of simple responses.

31. DIAGRAM

32. CORPUS CALLOSUM The brain consists of 2 cerebral hemispheres (left and right), they are connected by nerve fibers. The largest of these fibers is the corpus callosum. It has about 250 million nerve fibers. The exchange of information is made freely between these spheres.

33. BrainVideo (10 minutes) Brain

34.  BRAIN TEST

35.  RIGHT BRAIN Remember Faces Responds well to demonstrated instructions Spontaneous, random Responds best to movement, action Prefers drawing and manipulating objects More free with feelings Good at interpreting body language

36.  LEFT BRAIN  Prefers problem solving, logic Remembers names Planned, structured, prefers control Prefers talking, writing Controls feelings Responds to verbal instructions