1. WJEC C1 revision

2. Topic 1 – Elements and the Periodic Table Element – pure Compound – chemically joined

3. Mendeleev – arrangement then vs now. Metals/non-metals, placement of Hydrogen Groups, periods (electron outer shell and shells) The atom:

4. The Periodic Table Left – metal Right – non-metal Semi-metals on right, just at border – Exam Q on identifying Properties of metals – high mp, bp, conduct heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, high density.

5. Topic 2 - compounds Mass stays the same! Chemical formula – swap and drop -ide vs –ate Name atoms and no.s in formulae e.g. H 2 SO 4 – Remember little no.s only apply to the immediately preceding element. Ionic compounds – electrons move from metal to non-metal. Metals = positive ions Non-metals = negative ions.

6. Space filler diagrams

7. Topic 3 - Metals Ore – metal bonded to a rock Unreactive metals found native e.g. Gold More reactive = more difficult to extract. Displacement Competition – thermit Reduction and oxidation – link to oxygen and the element/compound involved

8. Blast furnace Iron ore – source of iron Coke – fuel Limestone – remove impurities Iron (III) + carbon iron + carbon oxide + monoxide  dioxide Fe 2 O 3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO 2

9. Electrolysis More reactive than Carbon Electrolyte molten so ions can move Aluminium ions positive go to cathode Oxide ions negative go to anode Al 3+ + 3e - → Al 2O 2- - 4e - → O 2 Siting of plants Greenhouse gas emissions Electricity cost Recycling

10. Alloy – mixture Nano particles – 1-100nm, nanosilver, potential issues.

11. Topic 4 – non-metals Hydrogen and oxygen – electrolysis of water, twice as much hydrogen Hydrogen – lighted splint, squeaky pop Oxygen – glowing splint, relights Hydrogen as a fuel Chlorine and iodine from sea water Chlorine, iodine, helium, argon, neon uses

12. Fluoridation of water supplies – 6 marker, for and against

13. Topic 5 – Reactions of acids Acid + metal/carbonate/alkali/base Neutralisation is exothermic Carbon dioxide – turns limewater milky Salt preparation

14. Topic 6 – fuels and plastics Crude oil – sea creatures Mixture of hydrocarbons with different boiling points Fractional distillation Cracking – high temp, catalyst, large hydrocarbons to smaller, used as fuels/make polymers

15. Monomers small and reactive Polymerisation Polythene, PVC, PTFE and polystyrene Non-biodegradeable Recycling

16. Topic 7 – Changing Earth Wegener’s plate tectonics – jigsaw puzzle, couldn’t explain movement Earthquakes and volcanoes identify plate boundaries Early atmosphere – volcanoes Carbon cycle – respiration, photosynthesis, combustion, Global warming debate – carbon capture Acid rain – sulphur scrubbing

17. And now I bid you farewell