1. participatory action research(PAR) in culturally complex societies: Opportunities and challenges Vishalache Balakrishnan & Lise Bird Claiborne VB n LC CARN27052015

2. Introductions Why PAR? PAR in a culturally complex society Case studies: –ethical questions for thesis supervisors –a multicultural classroom Challenges & Opportunities Future research using PAR: Inclusive practices VB n LC CARN27052015 Overview

3. Introduction (VB) VB n LC CARN27052015

4. Introduction (LBC) VB n LC CARN27052015 Foucault from flickr.com os

5. Why PAR? Background of researchers VB used a modified version of PAR in her doctoral studies LC worked collaboratively with PhD supervisors VB n LC CARN27052015 Democratic Power sharing Gives voice Relevance of action Full participation Practical knowing Participatory Analyses of power

6. PAR possibilities for reflexive collaborative group work on ethics Online discussion among experienced doctoral thesis supervisors across 3 NZ universities (CODIS, 2013) Collaborative sharing of ethical difficulties in pedagogy & curriculum Towards a group Zone of Collective Development beyond supervisor-student pairs? VB n LC CARN27052015

7. PAR in a culturally complex society VB n LC CARN27052015

8. PAR in a culturally complex society VB n LC CARN27052015

9. Vygotsky’s ZPD vs ZCD VB n LC CARN27052015

10. Case study using in a multicultural classroom VB n LC CARN27052015

11. Challenges & Opportunities in PAR Traditional linkages between science, knowledge and reason VB n LC CARN27052015

12. Challenges & Opportunities in PAR Links between theory and practice VB n LC CARN27052015

13. Challenges & Opportunities in PAR Subject and object tension VB n LC CARN27052015

14. Challenges & Opportunities in PAR Influence of powerful and pervasive discourses in society that construct our realities VB n LC CARN27052015 (Kesby et al., 2007)

15. Future research using PAR: Inclusive education across countries VB n LC CARN27052015

16. Acknowledgements VB n LC CARN27052015

17. Reference VB n LC CARN27052015 Balakrishnan, V. & Claiborne, L.B. (2012). Vygotsky from ZPD to ZCD in moral education: Reshaping Western theory and practices in local context. Journal of Moral Education, 41 (2), 225-243. Block, J. P., He, Y., Zaslavsky, A. M., Ding, L., & Ayanian, J. Z. (2009). Psychosocial stress and change in weight among US adults. American Journal of Epidemiology, 170(2), 181 Journal of Epidemiology, 170. Ding, L Claiborne, L.B., Cornforth, S., Gibson, A. & Smith, A. (2011). Supporting students with impairments in higher education: Social inclusion or cold comfort? International Journal of Inclusive Education, 15 (5), 513-527. Claiborne, L.B., Cornforth, S., Court, M. Crocket, K. & Manathunga, C. (2013). Exploring ethical difficulties in doctoral supervision: Reflexive collaborative theorising around memory and practice. Knowledge Cultures, 1(5), 18-23. Claiborne, L. Bird, Cornforth, S., Davies, B., Milligan, A. & White, J. (2009). Inclusion and mastery: Variations on the theme of subjection. Gender and Education, 21 (1), 47-61. Hunte, H. E. R. (2011). Association between perceived interpersonal everyday discrimination and waist circumference over a 9- Year period in the midlife development in the United States Cohort Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 173(11), 1232ournal of p://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwq463 Lewis, T. T., Kravitz, H. M., & Powell, L. H. (2011). Three of the authors respond to (2011). Three of the authors raje/kwq463ationAmerican Journal of Epidemiology, 173(11), 1244ournal of Epidemiology, 173s raje/kwq463a. Fals Borda, O. (2001). Participatory (action) research in social theory: Origins and challenges. In P. Reason & H. Bradbury (Eds.), Handbook of action research: Participative inquiry and practice (pp. 27-37). London: Sage. Wimpenny, K. (2010). Participatory action research: an integrated approach towards practice development. In M. Savin-Baden & C.H. Major (Eds.), New approaches to qualitative research (pp 89-99). London: Routledge.