1. Roll On! Road to the Constitution

2. Moving On

3. Early Government Did not want a strong government Congress was a wartime necessity Citizens of individual states

4. Yep

5. Articles of Confederation Approved in 1781 Established limited national government Political power was with states One branch: legislature

6. Viola!

7. Fast Forward Today there are 3 branches Legislative Executive Judicial Where is the president?

8. Executive!

9. Legal Systems Under the Articles, states dealt with their own legal issues. I.E. Crime in South Carolina was dealt with in South Carolina the South Carolina way

10. Palmetto Tree Style

11. Powers That Be Under the Articles, Congress could declare war. Could borrow money. Could NOT TAX. Had to petition states for money

12. Can You Help Me?

13. State Voting No limit on representatives Each state had only one vote 9 out of 13 votes must be had for a bill or law to pass Article changes only if all 13 agreed

14. Ummmm….Uh Oh?

15. State Constitutions Constitution is a plan of government that outlines its duties and powers State governments had more power than the national government

16. Austin

17. Opposition to Articles Agreed to democracy They wanted a republic Republic: government by the people via elected representatives How much citizen influence?

18. Everybody Has a Price

19. Economic Problems Wealthy men didn’t feel powerful enough. 1786: $50 million dollars in war debt. Taxes upset interstate commerce

20. Moolah!

21. Economic Problems 2 Wealthy felt ordinary citizens had too much power. Public debts led to paper money. Heavy taxes on seaports Desperate for money

22. Ummm…..Oww?

23. Weak Government? Nationalists: strengthen national government Concerned about states behavior Compiled of: Congress, merchants, planters, & lawyers

24. Nationalist P.O.V.

25. Weak Government 2 Predicted chaos Congress couldn’t act without a quorum Challenging authority was getting out of hand

26. Yes, Issues At Hand

27. No Central Government If mistakes were made, so be it. Avoid rule of tyrant Government under Articles won independence

28. Avoid This Guy!

29. Historical Model Europe was not good at republican government. Nationalists knew chaos would ensue. I.E. Rome Not wise enough for power

30. Caesar Who?

31. America The Model Do not allow to fall into violence Washington gave up his commission. Did not want to be a tyrant like Caesar

32. Wrong Model

33. Annapolis Convention 1786: discuss economic problems Federal plan for trade regulation Only 12 delegates from 5 states attended

34. This Is The Place

35. Shay’s Rebellion Merchants wanted money back they loaned to the state. Pressed state to make taxes to pay debt. Debt to be paid in specie: gold or silver

36. Not This Time, George

37. Shays 2 Farmers opposed tax Memory of British taxes Courts seized farmers possessions. 1786: led rebellion against tax collectors and courts

38. Howdy!

39. Shays 3 Shays and a group marched to an arsenal State government got an army and shut down rebellion Shays arrested and sentenced to death

40. Put Out To Pasture

41. Philadelphia Convention 1787: 12 states sent delegates Rhode Island not present James Madison: “decide forever the fate of republican government”

42. Father of Constitution

43. First Order of Business Elect a president George Washington was elected Unanimous decision

44. A Dollar Day

45. Division of Convention Amend the Articles Scrap the Articles Nearly all agreed for stronger central government Convention called to amend articles

46. Put Your Heads Together

47. Virginia Plan Edmund Randolph of VA Bicameral legislature nation Number of representatives would be proportionate to size of state

48. Size Matters

49. Virginia Plan 2 New legislature would be able to tax and regulate commerce Power to veto any act of state legislature Proposed government needs judicial and executive branch

50. Judiciary?

51. New Jersey Plan Proposed by William Paterson Congress gets power to tax and regulate commerce Executive and judicial branches State equal vote: unicameral

52. Size? Who Cares

53. New Jersey Plan 2 Sought to keep states stronger than central government Would not let heavily populated states overpower the smaller states

54. Power Struggle

55. Great Compromise Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth Bicameral legislature Senate: each state has equal number of representatives House: population mattered

56. Wahoo!

57. 3/5 Compromise Should slaves be included in the state’s population count? Many framers of the document owned slaves If slaves were counted, the South gained power

58. How Do I Cross The Road?

59. 3/5 Compromise 2 3/5 of a state’s slave population would be counted in determining the number of representatives Enslaved people like Native Americans could not vote

60. Future Problems Set

61. Lasting Document Submitted for ratification September 17, 1787 Elastic in some areas but specific in others. Only amended 27 times since 1787

62. Powerful Over All

63. Governmental Structure Federal system: power shared among state and national authorities Reserved powers: states Delegated powers: national Concurrent: both

64. Powerful Yet Practical

65. Separation of Powers Legislative Executive Judicial Checks and Balances: check the authority of the other branches

66. Keep A Close Eye

67. Congress House of Representatives: Responsible to the people Population decides how many representatives are given. Served two year terms

68. House That Madison Built

69. Congress 2 Senate: originally elected by state legislatures 1913 Amendment changed that Six year terms Senators change every 2 yrs

70. Senate Seal

71. Congress 3 People have little influence on Senate People have more influence on the House. Bill becomes a law when passed through Senate

72. You Are Here

73. Congress 4 House must introduce bills to raise money Congress can declare war, coin money, raise an army, provide for a navy, and regulate commerce

74. Home Of Congress

75. The President Set at 4 year terms Originally could be re-elected however many times one wished 22 nd Amendment limits terms

76. #1

77. President Continued President chosen by electors from each state Number of electors per representatives from each state. Electoral College

78. #16

79. President Thrice In the possibility the electoral college fails to elect president goes to House Each state has one vote Election of 1800 and 1824 were the only times

80. #7

81. Presidential Power Commander in Chief Checks and Balances Chooses judges for national courts Can exercise veto power