1. Matter- Chap 3

2. Matter vs Non-matter
MATTER
NON-MATTER

3. The “Types” of Matter

4. What is Matter?
Matter - has mass and volume.

5. States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Particle energy Low Medium Fast
Shape
Definite
Indefinite
Compressible? No
Not really
Yes
Volume
indefinite

6. Phase Diagram

8. Not all matter has the same melting/boiling temperatures!

9. Matter can be sub-classed as pure substances and mixtures.
A fish tank with fish, water, plants, shells, and gravel is a mixture.
Water is a pure substance.

10. Pure substance
A pure substance is composed of only one kind of atom or molecule.
An atom is the basic unit of matter.
A molecule is a group of atoms held together by chemical bonds.

11. A pure substance may be an element or a compound.
H2O He

12. Elements Elements are made up by only one type of atom
Examples = He, Au, Li, F2, H2 , C60

13. Compounds Compounds are two or more different elements in a molecule.
Ex. H2O, CO2, CO, CH4

14. Compounds
Compound properties are different from those of the elements that compose them.
Ex. H2O = Water

15. Compounds
Compounds can only be separated into elemental components by chemical means.

16. Matter can be sub-classed as pure substances and mixtures.
Mixtures are not considered pure substances, but may be made up of pure substances

17. Mixtures
The substances that make up a mixture keep their individual chemical and physical properties.
Mixtures can be separated into its components by physical means.

18. Mixtures
Mixtures are sub-classed as heterogeneous mixtures and homogeneous mixtures

19. Homogeneous Mixtures Are the same through out
You can not see the individual parts of the mixtures.
Example: Air, sugar water
Can be sub-classed as solutions and alloys

20. Solutions All solutions are homogeneous mixtures.
Ex. Sugar water, salt water
The particles that make up a solutions are uniformly distributed.

21. Solutions
The particles are so small that they cannot be seen even at high magnification.
Examples: sweet tea, sea water, rubbing alcohol, cola

22. Parts of a Solution Solute = The substance being dissolved
Solvent = The dissolving agent
Ex. Tea with sugar = solute  sugar solvent  tea

23. Alloys A solid or liquid homogenous mixture of two or more metals.
18 karat Au is 18 parts Au out of The remaining parts are Cu, Ag, or Ni.

24. Mixtures
Mixtures are sub-classed as heterogeneous mixtures and homogeneous mixtures

25. Heterogeneous Mixtures
Are not uniform through out
Some heterogeneous mixtures appear homogenous to the naked eye.
Ex. Skin

26. Heterogeneous Mixtures
Examples
shake

27. Heterogeneous Mixtures
Heterogeneous Mixtures may be sub-classed at suspensions and colloids.

28. Suspensions
Have relatively large, easily seen particles that can settle out or form layers within a liquid.
Ex. Medicine that says “Shake before Using”

29. Suspensions
Particles can be filtered out in water suspensions

30. Colloids
A colloid has tiny particles, just large enough to produce a cloudy appearance.
The particles of a colloid are smaller than a suspension’s and larger than a solution’s particles.

31. Colloids
Examples:
Milk
Mayonnaise

32. Colloids produce the Tyndall effect
The Tyndall effect happens when a light beam shines through a colloid. The beam’s path can be seen in the liquid.