1. by: Dumančić Dino Fabijančić Krešimir Gazdović Kruno Viljevac Slaven
ANCIENT MATHEMATICS
by: Dumančić Dino Fabijančić Krešimir Gazdović Kruno Viljevac Slaven

2. INTRODUCTION What is mathematics?
from Greek μάθημα máthēma: knowledge, study, learning
First use

3. PREHISTORIC MATHEMATICS
Idea of the number
Lebombo bone
Ishango bone

4. BABYLON MATHEMATICS between 1800-1600 B.C. sexagesimal system
cuneiform
algebraic and geometrical equations

5. The Babylonian mathematical tablet Plimpton 322, dated to 1800 BC.

6. sexagesimal system

7. EGYPTIAN MATHEMATICS
Rhind papyrus
Moscow papyrus
Berlin papyrus

8. EGYPTIAN MATHEMATICS
Number system:

9. EGYPTIAN MATHEMATICS
Example:
=?...

10. EGYPTIAN MATHEMATICS Berlin papyrus
Problem: the area of a square of 100 is equal to that of two smaller squares. The side of one is ½ + ¼ the side of the other.
Suggest knowledge of Pythagorean theorem
In modern term: x2 + y2 = 100  &  x = (3/4)y 

11. EGYPTIAN MATHEMATICS

12. EGYPTIAN MATHEMATICS Rhind papyrus found during illegal excavations
Approximation of PI:
Book 1: linear equations
Book 2: geometry problems
Book 3:  general expression for counting 2/3 of 1/n where n is odd

14. EGYPTIAN MATHEMATICS Moscow papyrus Well known geometry problems
surface area and the volume of a frustum pyramid
Sphere surface
Beer recipe

16. QUESTIONS?