1. HISTORY 303 TEST REVIEW

2. THE CONQUEST OF NEW FRANCE 1) 7 years War 2) 1756-1763 3) Britain and France 4) In Europe and the French colonies 5) Britain

3. 6. REASONS FOR BRITISH SUCCESS Large population/soldiers (100, 000) Strong Navy Support from the 13 colonies Larger navy/military THE CONQUEST OF NEW FRANCE 7. REASONS FOR FRENCH FAILURE Not enough troops to protect the vast territory (20, 000) French were more focused on the war in Europe Food Shortages in New France Colony was controlled by France (too far away)

4. 8) 1759 9) Battle of the Plains of Abraham 10) 1760, since Britain conquered New France THE CONQUEST OF NEW FRANCE

5. 11) Military rule was put in place. 12) Treaty of Paris 13) Province of Quebec THE CONQUEST OF NEW FRANCE

6. ROYAL PROCLAMATION 14) 1763 15) To assimilate the French 16) English schools, Protestant churches 17) It stopped any new French from immigrants from entering the colony 18) No, because it didn’t force the existing population to leave 19) It decreased the size of the territory to a small areas around the St. Lawrence 20) Township system

7. QUEBEC ACT 21) To appease the French Canadiens 22) 1774 23) To prevent the French Canadiens from revolting like the Americans

8. 24) The territory increases by 3 times and now includes the Great Lakes and the Ohio Valley 25) The Test Act was abolished and replaced by the Oath of Allegiance, the Catholic religion was officially recognized (the tithe could be collected again) 26) British criminal laws, French civil laws QUEBEC ACT

9. AMERICAN REVOLUTION 27) 1770s 28) The 13 colonies were colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America controlled by the British (today’s United States) 29) They are upset about the high taxes they have to pay, as well as their limited political power.

10. 30) Sugar, Tea, Glass, Official documents 31) 1773 Boston Tea Party: Colonists dressed like natives dump a shipment of tea into the Boston Harbour as a protest against the high taxes on tea! 32) The 13 colonies wanted Quebec to join their Revolution AMERICAN REVOLUTION

11. 33) There was some support from peasants who gave supplies or joined their ranks. 34) The Treaty that terminated the American Revolution and gave America its Independence. 35) The Loyalists were Americans who remained loyal to Britain during the American Revolution. 36) They were unsafe in America and settled down in Quebec, a colony still under British rule. AMERICAN REVOLUTION

12. 37) Quebec’s English population increased greatly due to the arrival of the Loyalists; it created an Anglophone minority in the colony. AMERICAN REVOLUTION

13. CONSTITUTIONAL ACT 38) 1791 39) To appease the Loyalists and maintain the loyalty of the French Canadiens 40) The territory was divided into two: Upper Canada (English) and Lower Canada (French) 41) An elected body on the government

14. 42) The Constitutional Act was not democratic: – Not everyone could vote – Not everyone was eligible to be on the assembly – The Assembly had no real power – the laws they proposed could be vetoed by the governor and his councils CONSTITUTIONAL ACT

15. 43) Criteria to vote: - Must be a British subject - Must be 21 years old - Must own land 44) They were appointed 45) The governor and his councils had veto power CONSTITUTIONAL ACT

16. 46) A) Problems with the government: – No responsible government – Unfair taxes on landowners, tea and wine – Demands not being met – Tax dollars being used for canals B) Agricultural crisis REBELLIONS OF LOWER CANADA

17. 47) Key political party in Lower Canada. Most French Canadiens voters supported them. Their leader was Louis Joseph Papineau 48) It is a document issued by the Patriotes outlining their demands 49) The British rejected the 92 Resolutions with the 10 Resolutions/Russell Resolutions 50) The demands of the Patriotes were being completely ignored REBELLIONS OF LOWER CANADA

18. 51) A) Problems with the government: – No responsible government – Unfair taxes on landowners, tea and wine – Demands not being met – Tax dollars being used for canals B) Agricultural crisis C) Liberalism REBELLIONS OF LOWER CANADA

19. 52. 3 Battles. The Patriotes lost them all except the battle of St. Denis 53. Lord Durham was sent to investigate the cause(s) of the rebellions REBELLIONS OF LOWER CANADA

20. 54. He concluded that the rebellions occurred because: The assembly had no power The French were “backwards” and had no history The French and English were constantly at war with one another He Suggested: Upper and Lower Canada be Unified in order to better assimilate the French That responsible government be granted

21. 55. The Act of Union (1840): Upper and Lower Canda become the united Province of Canada One United Assembly with 42 representatives from Canada East and Canada West 56. Responsible government was not granted in the Act of Union, since it would favour the French Canadiens REBELLIONS OF LOWER CANADA