1. Final Review Answers 1. They use electricity at different rates. They both use 120V, but the iron uses more amps resulting in more watts and therefore higher power usage. 1. They use electricity at different rates. They both use 120V, but the iron uses more amps resulting in more watts and therefore higher power usage. 2. Insulator 2. Insulator 3. Amperes 3. Amperes 4. circuit breakers or fuses 4. circuit breakers or fuses 5. Ohms Ω 5. Ohms Ω 6. Series 6. Series 7. Static charge (electrons) 7. Static charge (electrons)

2. 8. Parallel circuit 8. Parallel circuit 9. static discharge is unintended and is very brief, whereas there is a steady flow of current to the light fixture 9. static discharge is unintended and is very brief, whereas there is a steady flow of current to the light fixture 10. Rapid equalization of charges caused by large charge differences 10. Rapid equalization of charges caused by large charge differences 11. P=IV; P=power (watts); I = current(amps); V=voltage(volts) 11. P=IV; P=power (watts); I = current(amps); V=voltage(volts) I= current (amps) I= current (amps) V= voltage (volts) V= voltage (volts) 12. It prevents a circuit from overheating by having an electromagnet or a bimetallic strip break the circuit. 12. It prevents a circuit from overheating by having an electromagnet or a bimetallic strip break the circuit. 13. distance and charge 13. distance and charge 14. attraction 14. attraction

3. 15. coulomb 15. coulomb 16. charging by friction 16. charging by friction 17. charging by induction (comb near negatively charged will become positive) 17. charging by induction (comb near negatively charged will become positive) 18. Direct Current 18. Direct Current 19. Alternating current 19. Alternating current 20. voltage (potential difference) 20. voltage (potential difference) 21. Watts 21. Watts 22. When they have opposite charges 22. When they have opposite charges 23. It lost electrons, therefore it has more protons than electrons 23. It lost electrons, therefore it has more protons than electrons 24. neutral 24. neutral

4. 25. Positive and negative terminals 25. Positive and negative terminals 26. 4 ohms 26. 4 ohms 27. loadstone or magnetite 27. loadstone or magnetite 28. south pole of another magnet 28. south pole of another magnet 29. attract 29. attract 30. at the poles 30. at the poles 31. as distance increases, the strength of attraction decreases 31. as distance increases, the strength of attraction decreases 32. as more coils are added, the strength of the electromagnet increases 32. as more coils are added, the strength of the electromagnet increases 33. electric motor, speaker, galvanometer 33. electric motor, speaker, galvanometer

5. 34. They have similar construction 34. They have similar construction They both change mechanical and electrical energy They both change mechanical and electrical energy 35. to step up and step down voltage 35. to step up and step down voltage 38. coal is burned, boils water to create steam, steam rotates a turbine connected to a generator, inside generator armature spins a coil of wire inside a permanent magnet that creates electricity due to electromagnetic induction 38. coal is burned, boils water to create steam, steam rotates a turbine connected to a generator, inside generator armature spins a coil of wire inside a permanent magnet that creates electricity due to electromagnetic induction 39. nonrenewable 39. nonrenewable 40. renewable 40. renewable 41. electromagnetic energy to electrical energy 41. electromagnetic energy to electrical energy 42. oil, natural gas, coal 42. oil, natural gas, coal

6. 43. 86% 43. 86% 44. wind, biomass, solar, geothermal, etc 44. wind, biomass, solar, geothermal, etc 45. fernlike plants decompose into a peat moss type of substance, gets buried, is exposed heat and pressure over millions of years and eventually the carbon content gets concentrated as the coal forms into anthracite. 45. fernlike plants decompose into a peat moss type of substance, gets buried, is exposed heat and pressure over millions of years and eventually the carbon content gets concentrated as the coal forms into anthracite. 46. microscopic marine organisms decompose, get buried, are exposed heat and pressure over millions of years and eventually the carbon content gets concentrated as it forms into oil and natural gas. 46. microscopic marine organisms decompose, get buried, are exposed heat and pressure over millions of years and eventually the carbon content gets concentrated as it forms into oil and natural gas. 48. air pollution, global warming 48. air pollution, global warming 49. wind, solar, hydrogen fuel cell 49. wind, solar, hydrogen fuel cell 50. kinetic energy ke=.5mv 2 50. kinetic energy ke=.5mv 2 51. chemical potential 51. chemical potential

7. 52. electrical 52. electrical 53. energy cannot be created or destroyed, just changed 53. energy cannot be created or destroyed, just changed 54. biomass 54. biomass 55. cheap and readily available 55. cheap and readily available 56. turn off lights, conserve hot water, use compact fluorescent bulbs 56. turn off lights, conserve hot water, use compact fluorescent bulbs 57. coal 57. coal 58. hydroelectricity 58. hydroelectricity 59. fractional distillation 59. fractional distillation 60. disturb natural ecosystems 60. disturb natural ecosystems

8. 61. falling water spins a turbine, turbine spins generator to make juice 61. falling water spins a turbine, turbine spins generator to make juice 62. too hot! Requires very high temperatures 62. too hot! Requires very high temperatures 63. in the reactor core 63. in the reactor core 64. biomass 64. biomass 65. limited supply of fossil fuels, limit air pollution, global warming 65. limited supply of fossil fuels, limit air pollution, global warming 66. it is a stable rock deposit that will contain the radioactivity and prevent it from getting out 66. it is a stable rock deposit that will contain the radioactivity and prevent it from getting out

9. 67. upper stratosphere 67. upper stratosphere It blocks ultraviolet rays It blocks ultraviolet rays 68. aquatic photosynthetic organisms and plants 68. aquatic photosynthetic organisms and plants 69. carbon dioxide 69. carbon dioxide 70. they pull off an O atom and change it into oxygen gas 70. they pull off an O atom and change it into oxygen gas 71. human activities such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels 71. human activities such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels 72. solid, liquid, gas 72. solid, liquid, gas 73. the heat boils water to create steam, steam rotates a turbine connected to a generator, inside generator armature spins a coil of wire inside a permanent magnet that creates electricity due to electromagnetic induction 73. the heat boils water to create steam, steam rotates a turbine connected to a generator, inside generator armature spins a coil of wire inside a permanent magnet that creates electricity due to electromagnetic induction

10. 74. 2 A 74. 2 A 75. 1 V 75. 1 V 76. 2 Ω 76. 2 Ω 77. 0.65 V 77. 0.65 V 78. $0.65 78. $0.65 79. caves 79. caves 80. Conduction is transfer of heat between two parts of a stationary caused by a temperature difference between the 80. Conduction is the direct transfer of heat between two parts of a stationary system, caused by a temperature difference between the parts. through a gas or liquid by bulk motion of hotter into a Convection is a process of heat transfer through a gas or liquid by bulk motion of hotter material into a cooler region. in which energy is emitted as particles or Radiation is the process in which energy is emitted as particles or waves

11. 81. heat it up, hit it hard, expose it to another stronger magnetic field 81. heat it up, hit it hard, expose it to another stronger magnetic field 82. magnetic field 82. magnetic field 83. it is easily magnetized 83. it is easily magnetized 84. electric current is produced, move the magnet faster, more coils, stronger magnet 84. electric current is produced, move the magnet faster, more coils, stronger magnet

12. 85. A magnet spins inside a coil of wire – the changing magnetic field induces a current in the wire 85. A magnet spins inside a coil of wire – the changing magnetic field induces a current in the wire 86. 400 V 86. 400 V 87. coal is burned, boils water to create steam, steam rotates a turbine connected to a generator, inside generator armature spins a coil of wire inside a permanent magnet that creates electricity due to electromagnetic induction 87. coal is burned, boils water to create steam, steam rotates a turbine connected to a generator, inside generator armature spins a coil of wire inside a permanent magnet that creates electricity due to electromagnetic induction 88. 5.4 X 10 -6 88. 5.4 X 10 -6 89. hundredths 89. hundredths 90. 20.05 m 90. 20.05 m 91. dependent 91. dependent 92. dependent variable 92. dependent variable 93. constant 93. constant 94. controlled experiment 94. controlled experiment

13. 95. manipulated variable 95. manipulated variable 96. responding variable 96. responding variable 97. 490 J 97. 490 J 98. 1000 J 98. 1000 J 99. nuclear fusion, hydrogen gets changed into helium 99. nuclear fusion, hydrogen gets changed into helium 100. less than 7 100. less than 7 101. the sun drives the water cycle by providing an energy source that facilitates evapotranspiration to move water into the atmosphere where is condenses and eventually falls as precipiation thereby replenishing the Earth reserviors that include oceans, glaciers, lakes, rivers, groundwater, etc. 101. the sun drives the water cycle by providing an energy source that facilitates evapotranspiration to move water into the atmosphere where is condenses and eventually falls as precipiation thereby replenishing the Earth reserviors that include oceans, glaciers, lakes, rivers, groundwater, etc.

14. 102. As electricity moves through the W filament of an incandescent light bulb, it encounters resistance which changes the electrical energy into thermal and electromagnetic energy. The same thing happens in heaters except that the EM energy is in the infrared spectrum rather than the visible light spectrum. 102. As electricity moves through the W filament of an incandescent light bulb, it encounters resistance which changes the electrical energy into thermal and electromagnetic energy. The same thing happens in heaters except that the EM energy is in the infrared spectrum rather than the visible light spectrum. 103. it decreases 103. it decreases 104. an instrument that indicates the presence of charge on an object 104. an instrument that indicates the presence of charge on an object

15. 105. Au 105. Au 106. a filament melts when the current is too high 106. a filament melts when the current is too high 107. solid, liquid, gas 107. solid, liquid, gas 108. coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear 108. coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear 109. solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric 109. solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric 110. caffeine 110. caffeine 111. heartbeat 111. heartbeat 112. the group that did not get any caffeine 112. the group that did not get any caffeine 113. light, water, food 113. light, water, food

16. 116. mercury causes biomagnification, nitrates and phosphates cause eutrophication. 116. mercury causes biomagnification, nitrates and phosphates cause eutrophication. 117. global warming is caused by the increase of greenhouse gases and the greenhouse effect. it can be decreased by reducing the amounts of greenhouse gases 117. global warming is caused by the increase of greenhouse gases and the greenhouse effect. it can be decreased by reducing the amounts of greenhouse gases 118. the summer solstace – the 23.5 degree tilt of the Earth’s axis and the revolution around the sun will combine to have the northern hemisphere receive the most direct sunlight and the longest photoperiod 118. the summer solstace – the 23.5 degree tilt of the Earth’s axis and the revolution around the sun will combine to have the northern hemisphere receive the most direct sunlight and the longest photoperiod

17. 119. 119.

18. 120. D 120. D 121. D 121. D 122. A 122. A 123. D 123. D 124. H 124. H 125. B 125. B 126. C 126. C 127. B 127. B 128. A brownfield site is an area of land that was previously used for residential or commercial purposes and is contaminated or potentially contaminated. A greenfield site is a piece of property that has never been used. At the gas station, they removed the underground gasoline tanks and dug out the contaminated soil. The soil was replaced with uncontaminated soil and new tanks were installed. 128. A brownfield site is an area of land that was previously used for residential or commercial purposes and is contaminated or potentially contaminated. A greenfield site is a piece of property that has never been used. At the gas station, they removed the underground gasoline tanks and dug out the contaminated soil. The soil was replaced with uncontaminated soil and new tanks were installed.