1. Section 2.2 Cells capture and release energy.
Vocabulary
Chemical energy
Glucose
Photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
Cellular Respiration
Fermentation

2. All cells need energy All cells use Chemical Energy
To stay alive cells must be able to release the chemical energy in bonds
Glucose a sugar is the major source of energy for most cells

3. Some cells capture light energy
The SUN is the ultimate source of energy for all organisms
Photosynthesis is the process that plant cells use to change energy from the sunlight into chemical energy

4. Some cells capture light energy
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is the pigment that traps the energy in sunlight

5. Photosynthesis Is a complex Process that has two stages
The first stage of photosynthesis involves capturing the suns energy in the chloroplasts
Chlorophyll acts as a “solar cell” to capture light energy and supply power for the second stage of photosynthesis

6. Photosynthesis The Second stage requires the raw materials
H2O (water) and CO2 (carbon dioxide)
Water is provided by the roots of the plant
Carbon Dioxide enters the plant through small openings on the underside of leaves called Stomata
After entering the leaves H2O&CO2 move to the chloroplasts

7. Photosynthesis In the chloroplasts both water and carbon dioxide
go through a series of
chemical reactions powered
by the suns energy to create
oxygen and glucose
The chemical formula is:
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy  C6H12O6+6O2
The  is read as yields

8. Photosynthesis View the process at classzone.com

9. Photosynthesis
                                           
Plants do not immediately use all of the glucose it is stored as starch and also makes cellulose
Plants are considered producers or autotrophs because they can make their own food
Organisms that can not make their own food are called consumers or heterotrophs

10. All Cells Release Energy
All cells must have energy to function
When bonds of sugars are broken energy is released
There are two basic processes that release energy
Cellular Respiration
Fermentation

11. Cellular Respiration
Cells use Oxygen and sugars (Glucose) to release energy
Most of the energy in your body is provided by cellular respiration
Plants also get their energy through cellular respiration
Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria

12. Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration is considered aerobic because it requires oxygen
It is a complex process that has two stages
The first stage takes place in the cytoplasm
Glucose is broken down into smaller molecules that release a small amount of energy
The second stage takes place in the mitochondria

13. Cellular Respiration
The smaller molecules (that once were glucose) and Oxygen enter the mitochondria
The molecules continue to break down releasing hydrogen which combines with oxygen to make water
Molecules form to release large amounts of energy which include
energy that is used
energy that is stored (ATP)
energy that is given off as heat
Carbon dioxide is also released

14. Cellular Respiration The formula for cellular respirations is
Glucose Oxygen  Chemical Energy Water + CarbonDioxide
C6H12O6 + 6O2  Chemical Energy + 6H2O + 6CO2
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration are two processes in the energy cycle
These processes do not have to occur in the same cell or in the same organism

15. Fermentation
Process in which cells release energy without oxygen – Anaerobic
Takes place in the cytoplasm
Breaks sugar down into smaller molecules
Releases a small amount of energy
Two types of fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation

16. Fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation produces alcohol and carbon dioxide
Occurs in yeasts and single celled organisms
Important to bakers causes dough to rise
Important to brewers creates carbonation

17. Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation
Bacteria convert sugar in milk to lactic acid
Used to make cheese, yogurt, sourdough bread, sauerkraut, soy sauce, miso
Gives foods a slightly sour taste
During prolonged exercise muscles in your body convert energy this way – it causes a burning sensation

18. Chlorophyll- a light absorbing pigment,or colored substance, that traps energy in sunlight.
Cellular Respiration- a process in which cells use oxygen to release energy stored in sugars such as glucose.
Fermentation- a process in which cells release energy without oxygen

19. Chlorophyll- a light absorbing pigment,or colored substance, that traps energy in sunlight.
Cellular Respiration- a process in which cells use oxygen to release energy stored in sugars such as glucose.
Fermentation- a process in which cells release energy without oxygen