1. August 2005 EMS & Trauma Systems Section EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness EXPLOSIVE DEVICES

2. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Objectives Objectives Identify indicators that may cause the EMS provider to suspect an incident resulting from explosive devices Identify indicators that may cause the EMS provider to suspect an incident resulting from explosive devices Identify signs, symptoms and management of common injuries resulting from explosive devices Identify signs, symptoms and management of common injuries resulting from explosive devices Ensure adequate protection for EMS providers in a explosive device incident Ensure adequate protection for EMS providers in a explosive device incident

3. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Easiest weapons of mass destruction (WMD) to obtain and use Easiest weapons of mass destruction (WMD) to obtain and use 70% of all terrorist attacks involve explosives 70% of all terrorist attacks involve explosives Can cause massive local destruction Can cause massive local destruction

4. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Ease of Construction

5. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Used to disperse chemical, biological or radiological agents Used to disperse chemical, biological or radiological agents Used to cause destruction through explosion or fires (incendiary) Used to cause destruction through explosion or fires (incendiary)

6. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Uses

7. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Ease of Construction Readily available Readily available Detailed instruction can be found on the internet Detailed instruction can be found on the internet Cheap, easily constructed using minimal technology Cheap, easily constructed using minimal technology Larger, more powerful devises may have timers or remotely triggered detonators Larger, more powerful devises may have timers or remotely triggered detonators Activated by light, pressure, movement or radio transmission Activated by light, pressure, movement or radio transmission

8. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Availability __________________________ __________________________ / \ | HOW TO MAKE A 'REAL' | | HOW TO MAKE A 'REAL' | | [> PIPE BOMB PIPE BOMB <] | \__________________________/ By Shootz Bootz By Shootz Bootz This file was written for INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY, and NOT forillegal use. The writer cannot be held responsible for anything you do to yourself!!!! If there are any spelling or gramatical errors, then…………..cause I don't really care... my point is driven across. Well first of all in order to make a pipe bomb,you must first have a pipe. It doesn't matter how big, or how small, you could use a 1 inch copper pipe,or you could use a 2 foot long drainage pipe. Once you have this, you will need a few ingredients first. These ingredients make a substance called 'flash powder'. This can be alot of fun if you make a pile of it about 1/4 lbs. and have your friend light it with a match (some friend). Well, here's what you need: 1> Potassium Clorate(get it at any chem. store) chem. store) 2> Powdered Charcoal(not briquets,take some ash from briquets,take some ash from the fire place) the fire place) 3> Powdered Magnesium(ground up mag. fire starters from up mag. fire starters from camping sections) camping sections) 4> Sulpher(you know where to get this!!!) this!!!) 5> Some kind of piping 6> Hot glue gun,or melted glue 7> Small drill bit and drill 8> Tissue paper(ex:kleenex) 9> Mist water bottle sprayer (windex bottle,etc..) (windex bottle,etc..)

9. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Are We Immune? Are We Immune? Bath, Michigan May 18, 1927 Bath, Michigan May 18, 1927

10. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Are We Immune? Are We Immune? Oklahoma City Federal Building April 19, 1995 Oklahoma City Federal Building April 19, 1995

11. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Types of Explosives Energy-releasing reactions Energy-releasing reactions Creation of heat and gases that rapidly expand Creation of heat and gases that rapidly expand Explosives are categorized as: Explosives are categorized as: High-order explosives High-order explosives Low-order explosives Low-order explosives Based upon the speed the explosive decomposes Based upon the speed the explosive decomposes

12. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Blast Pressure Blast Pressure PSI Effect PSI Effect 5Slight chance of eardrum rupture 5Slight chance of eardrum rupture 1550% chance of eardrum rupture 1550% chance of eardrum rupture 30 – 40Slight chance of lung damage 80Severe lung damage 80Severe lung damage 100 – 120Slight chance of death 130 – 15050% chance of death > 200Nearly 100% chance of death

13. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES High-Order Explosives Decompose extremely rapidly Decompose extremely rapidly Produce supersonic blast wave Produce supersonic blast wave Faster than speed of sound Faster than speed of sound Travels at speeds 900+ mph Travels at speeds 900+ mph Examples include: Examples include: TNT TNT C-4 C-4 Semtex Semtex Nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin Dynamite Dynamite

14. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Low-Order Explosives Change to gaseous state is relatively slow Change to gaseous state is relatively slow Must be in a compressed or enclosed state to explode Must be in a compressed or enclosed state to explode Pressure wave is subsonic Pressure wave is subsonic Produce large chunks of debris Produce large chunks of debris Examples include: Examples include: Pipe bombs Pipe bombs Gunpowder Gunpowder Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate

15. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Effects of Explosion Explosion is a instantaneous release of pressure, heat, and gasses Explosion is a instantaneous release of pressure, heat, and gasses Usually coupled with fragmentation Usually coupled with fragmentation Three basic mechanisms: Three basic mechanisms:

16. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Primary Blast Injury Caused by direct effect of a blast Caused by direct effect of a blast Occurs only with high-order explosives Occurs only with high-order explosives Injuries most likely shearing of organs: Injuries most likely shearing of organs: Blast lung (pulmonary barotrauma) Blast lung (pulmonary barotrauma) Tympanic membrane rupture Tympanic membrane rupture Abdominal hemorrhage and perforation Abdominal hemorrhage and perforation Eye rupture Eye rupture Concussion Concussion

17. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Primary Blast Injury

18. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Primary Blast Injury

19. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Secondary Blast Injury Injury resulting in bomb fragments and debris Injury resulting in bomb fragments and debris Injuries include: Injuries include: Blunt trauma Blunt trauma Penetrating Penetrating Musculoskeletal Musculoskeletal Soft tissue Soft tissue

20. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Secondary Blast Injury

21. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Tertiary Blast Injury Occur when the body is throw against a solid object Occur when the body is throw against a solid object Injuries include: Injuries include: Fractures Fractures Amputations Amputations Brain injuries Brain injuries (open or closed) (open or closed)

22. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Tertiary Blast Injury

23. EMS & Trauma Systems Section Office of Public Health Preparedness August 2005 EXPLOSIVE DEVICES EMS Response EMS Response Evaluate Scene Evaluate Scene Establish Command Establish Command Exercise Safety Exercise Safety Request support as needed Request support as needed PPE PPE Designate safety zones for patient care Designate safety zones for patient care Provide Care Provide Care Preserve evidence Preserve evidence