1. The Joint Education and Research Programme in Domain of the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) With a Goal for the Further Development of the Panonian Parts of Serbia and Croatia Prof. Dr. Branka Nakomčić-Smaragdakis

2. Aim of the Project: Increase of knowledge in RES domain at the University and professional public level from the aspect of possible solar and geothermal energy utilization, as well as wind energy and biomass as potential resources of the Republic of Serbia. Knowledge and know-how transfer in RES domain between Republic of Croatia and Republic of Serbia with a goal to promote RES as clean technologies by professional public animation and education.

3. Publication of scientific and professional papers of national and international significance. Publication of Doctoral (1), Master (1) and Bachelor theses (8). Participation in two international conferences, 2011 in Croatia (Osijek) and 2012 in Serbia (Novi Sad). Attracting of business entities in both countries with the aim of RES promotion and increase in their percentage in energy balance. Creation of realistic platform for Croatia and Serbia’s application for future opportunities for project funding from EU. Aim of the Project:

4. Overview of the Project Project was initiated on 25.5.2011, when colleagues from Osijek Faculty of Electrotechnics visited Novi Sad. At the meeting framework for future education of academic public and profesionals in Serbia and Croatia in RES domain was determined. On 20 th and 21 st of October 2011 colleagues from Novi Sad paid a visit to Faculty of Electrotechnics in Osijek, for the celebration of 150 years of Croatian Academy for Science and Arts (HAZU). As part of this event, scientific convention “Development of electrotechnics in Croatia” was also organized, at which joint scientific paper “Current state and trends of development in renewable energy sector in Pannonian parts of Serbia and Croatia” was presented.

5. Overview of the Project During the conference “Energy days”, 25-27 th October 2011, colleagues from Osijek were guests at the Faculty of technical sciences. At the meeting on 28 th October 2011 further steps in ongoing collaboration were agreed upon, especially in the sector of scientific publishing. Newly built solar photovoltaic power plant at the Faculty of technical sciences was paid a visit. 7-8 th November 2011 wind park Velika Popina (9.2 MW installed capacity), part of the Croatian electric power industry (HEP), was visited.

6. Overview of the Project In accordance to previous project plans, on 14.12.2011 biogas plant in Ivankovo, Croatia was visited. During 18 th and 19 th October 2012 colleagues from Faculty of Electrotechnics and Faculty of Technical Sciences visited reversible hydro power plant “Bajina Bašta”. Furthermore, colleagues from Osijek were guests at the Faculty of Technical Sciences during „Energy days”, 23-25 th October 2012., when preparatory steps for joint scientific paper “Solar Energy Potential in Pannonian Part of Serbia and Croatia“, for the publication in Journal Tehnički Vjesnik (M23), were finalized.

7. Review of scientific papers with the conclusions which have arised as a result of the Project Company Logo

8. STATUS AND TRENDS OF ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN PANONIAN PARTS OF SERBIA AND CROATIA IN RES DOMAIN Nakomčić-Smaragdakis B., Šljivac D., Katić V., Dvornić T., Čepić Z.: Status and trends of energy development in panonian parts of serbia and croatia in RES domain, Development of electric energy sector in Croatia, Scientific conference with regards to marking 150 years of HAZU, Osijek: Faculty of electrotechnics, Osijek, Croatia, 21. 10. 2011. Conclusions: The significance of fossil fuel displacement with RES: Energy effects (reduction of consumption of imported fuels) Involvement of domestic capital, with the goal of increasing domestic production and modernization of RES equipment Possible participation of domestic economy in the foreign investors RES projects Creation of new jobs Pollution emission reduction and sustainable development support Utilization of clean technologies

9. UTILIZATION OF CHP BIOGAS PLANT WITH THE AIM OF POLLUTION REDUCTION Nakomčić-Smaragdakis B, Čepić Z, Dragutinović N, Šljivac D, Utilization of CHP biogas plant with the aim of pollution reduction, ETIKUM 2013 – International Scientific Conference, 12-13.June.2013, Novi Sad, Serbia. Conclusions: Having in mind that Vojvodina Province is argiculturally oriented, there is significant potential for biogas plant contruction. Biogas is produced regionally (distributed energy sources), which enables job creation for local population and participation of local industry. Agriculture gets additional and reliable long-term revenue source, whilst the residue from biogas production is used as a biofertiliser, which substitutes mineral fertiliser. Anaerobic digestion treatment „purifies“ liquid livestock manure, prevents diffuse pollution generation and reduces the atmospheric pollution from animal farms. Additional benefit is energy production. Thermal energy production from agricultural residues should be highly encouraged, as well as biogas production from manure, which can then be used for cogeneration. Company Logo

10. POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM ON SMALL SCALE RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS IN VOJVODINA Branka Nakomčić-Smaragdakis, Nataša Dragutinović, Zoran Čepić, Damir Šljivac, Possible applications of clean development mechanism on small scale renewable energy projects in vojvodina, ETIKUM 2014 – International Scientific Conference, 19-20.June.2014. Conclusions: Biomass available for energy production in Vojvodina includes agricultural residues (cca 0,57 Mtoe), residues from horticulture and viticulture (cca 0,11 Mtoe) and primary processing residues (cca 0,01 Mtoe), which is around 0,69 Mtoe in total. It is estimated that biomass potential for energy production in Vojvodina, until 2020, could be around 1,1 Mtoe. Fast-growing forests and the collection of corn and sunflower residues would have the greatest contribution. Having in mind everything stated in this paper, is can be concluded that this type of project, which includes agricultural residue combustion, is certainly feasible in Vojvodina.

11. SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL IN PANNONIAN PART OF SERBIA AND CROATIA Branka Nakomčić-Smaragdakis, Damir Šljivac, Vladimir Katić, Tijana Stajić, Zoran Čepić, Danijel Topić, Marko Vukobratović, Solar Energy Potential in Pannonian Part of Serbia and Croatia, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Systems, 2012., vol. 3, No 1, pp 31-39. Conclusions: Investment in the energy segment in the field of RES enables Vojvodina Province and Slavonia to reduce energy dependence on the fossil fuel market using their own available renewable resources. Application of RES enables the development and application of new technologies and supporting infrastructures, and thereby creation of new jobs, which directly contributes to economic development at local, regional and national level of each country.

12. According to Energy Balance of Vojvodina Province, the share of RES in total energy consumption in Vojvodina Province was around 2% (0.09 Mtoe) in 2009, while in total energy production it was 0.019 Mtoe and solar energy did not take part in primary energy production. It is expected that the percentage of RES used in total energy consumption in Vojvodina Province can be raised up to 20% in the next decade, by combining the methods of introducing new and renewable energy sources, systematically implementing the measures with the purpose to increase energy efficiency as well as to use new technologies. For Croatia, there is no available data on the regional level but it is expected that at least 50% of the share of RES production of Croatia will be located in Slavonia, with up to 20% of share in geothermal and solar energy. The intensity of solar radiation in Serbia and in Croatia belongs to the highest ones in Europe. It goes up to 1,850kWh/m2 in southern Croatia and 1,750kWh/m2 in southern Serbia. SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL IN PANNONIAN PART OF SERBIA AND CROATIA

13. The technical potential of solar thermal energy in Slavonia is 118.2 TWh/a, and the technical potential of electricity production is around 78.8 TWh/a. In Vojvodina Province, the technical potential of solar energy has a higher value and it goes up to 190.3 TWh/a in thermal energy production and 126.9 TWh/a in electricity production. In future predictions for solar energy utilization in Slavonia, STC systems utilization will have assumed growth rate of 47% per year until 2010. After the year 2020, the growth rate is expected to slow down to 10% annually, while the assumed growth rate of PV systems utilization is 68% per year until 2020, and by the year 2030 the growth will be 20% per year. Due to data analysis, it could be noticed that in comparison to Slavonia, Vojvodina Province has an advantage regarding energy data availability since collection of data is possible for Vojvodina as an administrative unit. On the other hand, Slavonia is facing the problem of energy data collection since it is fully centralized in Croatia. Compared with the Croatian Energy Strategy, it was observed that Serbian as well as Vojvodina’s Energy Strategy in the RES domain could be improved by using the Croatian methodology and procedures. SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL IN PANNONIAN PART OF SERBIA AND CROATIA

14. COST-BENEFIT COMPARISON OF ON-GRID PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS IN PANNONIAN PARTS OF CROATIA AND SERBIA Damir Šljivac, Branka Nakomčić-Smaragdakis, Marko Vukobratović, Danijel Topić, Zoran Čepić, Cost-benefit Comparison of On-grid Photovoltaic Systems In Pannonian Parts of Croatia and Serbia, Tehnički Vjesnik, 2014 Conclusions: Croatia and Serbia have huge potentials in using all solar technologies thanks to their geographical and climate circumstances. Both countries have incentive tariff schemes for electricity produced from PV systems but the market is much more developed in Croatia due to the higher tariffs particularly for small-scale building integrated PV systems, resulting also in lower specific investment cost. In general, with average data used in analysis in this paper they payback period in Croatia is between 4 and 6 years (within 14-year contract) while in Serbia it is between 6 and 12 years (within 12-year contract) depending on the PV system installed power. Meanwhile, for large scale system (over 300 kW) the payback period is shorter in Serbia (approx. 5,5 years) than in Croatia (approx. 9 years) due to non-sensitive Serbian feed-in tariffs to the rated power of PV system being installed.

15. All presented results should be regarded as current average data for PV usage in Croatia and Serbia which are prone to sensitivity analysis due to uncertainties related to: Assumed investment cost (different technology suppliers, market development and investment variation over time, variation in quality/price etc...) Assumed operation and maintenance cost (possible changes in average salaries, inflation, GDP etc...) Assumed discount rate (financing of “green projects” in Croatia with lower interest rate, possible changes in economic situation in the countries due to economic crisis/recovery, etc...) Company Logo COST-BENEFIT COMPARISON OF ON-GRID PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS IN PANNONIAN PARTS OF CROATIA AND SERBIA

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