1. Objective: Identify the roots of Greek civilization and recognize its achievements from the Minoan era through the Hellenistic period.

2.  Minoans – Crete, 2700 – 1450 B.C., King Minos, labyrinth  Mycenaeans – Indo- Europeans, 1900 B.C.  Dorians – Greek speaking conquerors, 1100 B.C.  “Dark Age” – 1100 – 750 B.C.

3. http://www.history.co.uk/shows/clash-of-the- gods/videos/the-labyrinth-of-the-minotaur

4.  Ionians reintroduced culture, Hellenic civilization  Homer – blind poet, 700s B.C.; two great epic poems  Iliad – Trojan War  Odyssey – 10-year journey of King Odysseus  Arête – moral excellence, courage, honor, manliness, valor

5.  Aristocrats – wealthy landowners dominated politics  Hoplites – foot soldiers; heavily armed infantry  Phalanx – rectangular formation

6.  Acropolis – fortified hilltop; place of refuge; religious center  Agora – open area for assemblies and markets  Citizens (with political rights) – male landowners

8.  Oligarchy – a few wealthy people hold power  Tyrants – one-man rule, most fair but a few harsh  Democracy – power lies in hands of all “citizens”

9.  Oligarchy – two kings; council of elders; assembly  Women – married later, more personal rights, sports, no vote  Results of militarism – poor but exceptional athletes & soldiers

10. http://www.history.com/topics/ancient- history/sparta/videos/deconstructing-history- spartans http://www.history.com/topics/ancient- greece/videos#spartans

11.  Draco – eliminated inconsistencies in law code; draconian  Solon, 594 B.C. – canceled land debts & freed debtors  Cleisthenes, 508 B.C. – established Athenian democracy  Ostracism – protection from politicians; 10-year banishment

12. http://www.history.com/topics/ancient- greece/videos#deconstructing-history-the- acropolis