1. Acids and Bases

2. Acids An acid is a substance that: An acid is a substance that: Tastes sour (dangerous) Tastes sour (dangerous) Oily feeling (dangerous) Oily feeling (dangerous) Reacts with metals and carbonates Reacts with metals and carbonates Corrosive Corrosive Turns blue litmus paper red Turns blue litmus paper red All contain Hydrogen (p775) All contain Hydrogen (p775) Anything beginning with H is acid except water (H 2 O) and peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) Anything beginning with H is acid except water (H 2 O) and peroxide (H 2 O 2 )

3. Acids Caution: Caution: Wash with water if it gets on you Wash with water if it gets on you Never smell Never smell Don ’ t pour water into acid Don ’ t pour water into acid Don ’ t taste!! Don ’ t taste!! Common Acids Common Acids Lactic Acid = Buttermilk Lactic Acid = Buttermilk Acetic Acid = Vinegar Acetic Acid = Vinegar Citric Acid = Oranges Citric Acid = Oranges Carbonic Acid = Cokes (carbonated water) Carbonic Acid = Cokes (carbonated water)

4. Bases A base is a substance that: A base is a substance that: Tastes bitter (dangerous) Tastes bitter (dangerous) Slippery feeling (dangerous) Slippery feeling (dangerous) Dissolves fats, oils, wool, & hair (lye) Dissolves fats, oils, wool, & hair (lye) Turns red litmus paper blue Turns red litmus paper blue Neutralizes acids to form salt and water. Neutralizes acids to form salt and water. All have Hydroxides (OH) (p779) All have Hydroxides (OH) (p779)

5. Bases Common Bases Common Bases NH 4 OH = Ammonia NH 4 OH = Ammonia NaOH = Lye NaOH = Lye Mg(OH) 2 = Milk of Magnesia, Rolaids, Tums Mg(OH) 2 = Milk of Magnesia, Rolaids, Tums NaHCO 3 = Sodium Bicarbonate: Baking Soda NaHCO 3 = Sodium Bicarbonate: Baking Soda

6. pH Scale The pH scale is a range of values from 0- 14 that tells the concentration of Hydrogen ions in a solution. The pH scale is a range of values from 0- 14 that tells the concentration of Hydrogen ions in a solution. 0 = Most Acidic 0 = Most Acidic 7 = Neutral 7 = Neutral 14 = Most Basic 14 = Most Basic

7. Indicators Litmus Paper Litmus Paper Acids: blue litmus paper RED Acids: blue litmus paper RED Bases: red litmus paper BLUE Bases: red litmus paper BLUE Phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein Bases turn pink Bases turn pink Cabbage Juice Cabbage Juice Acids: pink/purple Neutrals: blue Bases: green Beet Juice Beet Juice Acids: red Bases: purple

8. Acids Bases