1. Formula- shows the composition of a compound

2. [TYPES OF COMPOUND FORMULAE] 1. Structural formula --indicates the kinds of atoms in a molecule, their proportions, and how the atoms are arranged or held together http://wwwchem.csustan.edu/chem3070/images/glucose.gif

3. 2. molecular formula --indicates the actual nos. and kinds of atoms in a molecule --does NOT indicate structural setup

4. C 6 H 12 O 6 Molecular formula Structural formula http://wwwchem.csustan.edu/chem3070/images/glucose.gif

5. 5

6. Important Molecules WATER AND ENZYMES! 6

7. Water 7 “mickey mouse” shape Universal solvent – water can dissolve most anything on planet earth

8. WATER 8 Polar molecule – ends of the molecule are oppositely charged due to an unequal sharing of electrons This causes weak hydrogen bonds to form between molecules of water

9. Polarity of Water 9 ADHESION – water molecules stick to other surfaces COHESION – water molecules stick to other water molecules This causes SURFACE TENSION http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JF-UMgdkph4 UNIVERSAL SOLVENT

10. Cohesion 10

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12. Dissociation of water 12 A water molecule can dissociate, or come apart, into separate parts OH- + H+ Ion – charged atom or molecule Dissociation results in the formation of ACIDS AND BASES

13. Percent Hydrogen 13 ACIDS, BASES,& pH

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15. Testing for Acidity/Alkalinity 15 Several methods: Litmus paper pH paper Probe

16. Acids 16 Acids: substances which ionize (split up) into positively charged hydrogen ions in a water solution (H+ ions) ex. HCl  H + + Cl-

17. 17 - Acids turn litmus paper red and usually taste sour.

18. Bases 18 Bases (alkaline): ionize into negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH-) in a water solution ex. KOH  K+ + OH-

19. - Bases turn litmus blue. - Bases usually feel slippery to touch and taste bitter.

20. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU ADD AN ACID TO A BASE? 20

21. Neutralization Reaction 21 When an acid reacts with a base to produce a salt and water.

22. BUFFERS in our body 22 Weak acids or bases react with strong acids or basis to neutralize them This is also how antacids work

23. 23 pH (percent hydrogen) scale: measures degree of substance alkalinity or acidity

24. pH SCALE 24 Ranges from 0 to 14 0 – 6 Acid 7 neutral 8-14 Base http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/graphics/phdiagram.gif

25. 25 Most body fluids have a pH close to neutral (6-8) Pure water is neutral - pH 7

26. THEY’RE IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER! 0-6 ACIDS 8-14 BASES! 26

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