1. DO NOW: Complete the Sleep QUIZ Handout. Be ready to discuss both to the entire class. Complete the Sleep QUIZ Handout. Be ready to discuss both to the entire class.

2. States of Consciousness ConsciousUnconsciousSleep Altered States

3. Why do we daydream? Why do we daydream? They can help us prepare for future events. They can help us prepare for future events.

4. Biological Rhythms Annual Cycles: seasonal variations (bears hibernation, seasonal affective disorder) 28 day cycles: menstrual cycle. 24 hour cycle: our circadian rhythm 90 minute cycle: sleep cycles.

5. Circadian Rhythm Our 24 hour biological clock. Our 24 hour biological clock. Our body temperature and awareness changes throughout the day. Our body temperature and awareness changes throughout the day. How can the circadian rhythm help explain jet lag?

8. Sleep

9. Sleep Stages There are 5 stages of sleep; 1-4 are Non- REM (NREM). There are 5 stages of sleep; 1-4 are Non- REM (NREM). It takes about 90-100 minutes to pass through the 5 stages. It takes about 90-100 minutes to pass through the 5 stages. The brain’s waves will change according to the sleep stage you are in. The brain’s waves will change according to the sleep stage you are in.

10. Alpha Stage- YOU ARE NOT ASLEEP YET!!!! This is experienced as falling to sleep and is a transition stage between wake and sleep. This is experienced as falling to sleep and is a transition stage between wake and sleep. Person is becoming drowsy Person is becoming drowsy

11. Stage One Lasts between 1 and 7 minutes and occupies approximately 2-5 % of sleep. Lasts between 1 and 7 minutes and occupies approximately 2-5 % of sleep. Light sleep, easily awoken Light sleep, easily awoken Hallucinations can occur and feeling of falling.

12. Stage Two Muscle tension, heart rate, & body temperature decline Muscle tension, heart rate, & body temperature decline occupies 45-60% of sleep occupies 45-60% of sleep

13. Stage Three & Four last 15-30 minutes last 15-30 minutes "slow wave" sleep because brain activity slows down dramatically "slow wave" sleep because brain activity slows down dramatically "deepest" stage of sleep (not REM) and the most restorative. Production of growth hormones. "deepest" stage of sleep (not REM) and the most restorative. Production of growth hormones. REPEAT Stages backwards before going to stage 5 (REM). A typical cycle: Stage 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, REM, 2 …

15. Stage Five: REM SLEEP Rapid Eye Movement Rapid Eye Movement This is a very active stage of sleep. This is a very active stage of sleep. Composes 20-25 % of a normal nights sleep. Composes 20-25 % of a normal nights sleep. Breathing, heart rate and brain wave activity quicken. Breathing, heart rate and brain wave activity quicken. Vivid Dreams can occur. Vivid Dreams can occur. Body is paralyzed Body is paralyzed From REM, you go back to Stage 2 From REM, you go back to Stage 2

16. REM Rebound The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation. The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation. What will happen if you don’t get a good nights sleep for a week, and then sleep for 10 hours? What will happen if you don’t get a good nights sleep for a week, and then sleep for 10 hours? You will dream a lot.

17. How much sleep do we need? We all need different amounts of sleep depending on our age and genetics. We all need different amounts of sleep depending on our age and genetics. But we ALL sleep- about 25 years on average. But we ALL sleep- about 25 years on average. Cognitive abilities decreases Cognitive abilities decreases Mood/Personality changes Mood/Personality changes Immune system functioning declines Immune system functioning declines How do you feel when you don’t get enough sleep?

19. Sleep Disorders

20. Insomnia Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep. Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep. Not your once in a while (I have a big test tomorrow) having trouble getting to sleep episodes. Not your once in a while (I have a big test tomorrow) having trouble getting to sleep episodes.

21. Narcolepsy Characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. Characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. Lapses directly into REM sleep (usually during times of stress or joy).

22. Sleep Apnea temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and consequent momentary reawakenings. temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and consequent momentary reawakenings.

23. Night Terrors A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified.A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified. Occur in Stage 4, not REM, and are not often remembered.Occur in Stage 4, not REM, and are not often remembered.

24. Sleepwalking (Somnambulism) effecting an estimated 10 percent of all humans at least once in their lives. effecting an estimated 10 percent of all humans at least once in their lives. occurs during deep non-REM sleep (stage 3 or stage 4 sleep) early in the night. occurs during deep non-REM sleep (stage 3 or stage 4 sleep) early in the night.

25. DO NOW: Write these 3 questions in your notebook and leave space to respond to them during the documentary “What are Dreams”: 1. Why do people have more negative emotions during REM sleep? 2. List the main characteristics of NREM v. REM dreams. 3. Why is it important to look for themes in dreams?

26. Manifest Content: the remembered storyline of a dream. Latent Content: the underlying meaning of a dream.

27. Manifest Content

28. Latent Content Dream Interpretation

29. Why do we Dream? Three Theories

30. Freud’s wish-fulfillment Theory Dreams are the key to understanding our inner conflicts. Dreams are the key to understanding our inner conflicts. Ideas and thoughts that are hidden in our unconscious. Ideas and thoughts that are hidden in our unconscious. Manifest and latent content Manifest and latent content Wishfulfillments Wishfulfillments Sex & Aggression Sex & Aggression Male v. Female sex symbols Male v. Female sex symbols

31. Cartwright’s Extension of Waking Life Theory Dreams act to sort out and understand the memories that you experience that day. Dreams act to sort out and understand the memories that you experience that day. REM sleep does increase after stressful events. REM sleep does increase after stressful events.

32. Activation-Synthesis Theory: our brainstem releases random neural activity, dreams may be a way to make sense of that activity. our brainstem releases random neural activity, dreams may be a way to make sense of that activity. Dreams are meaningless Dreams are meaningless