1. 1821-1837

2.   Problems Regarding State Formation in the aftermath of Mexico’s Independence  Racial differences  Finances  Political Inexperience  Indian Groups  Northern Frontier The Mexican Republic

3. The Northern Frontier under Mexican Rule Political dissention Self-reliant Taxation Centralism American Imperialism Indian Raids Source: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/atlas_mexico/political_div_1824.jpg

4.  New Mexico  Santa Fe Trail  William Becknell  Shift in trade from Chihuahua to Missouri  Increasing financial ties to the U.S.  $5,000 in 1822  $30,000 in 1824  $450,000 in 1834  $1 million in 1846 1845 Map http://www.santafetrail.org/mapping-marking/trail-maps/

5.  New Mexico, 1837 Revolt  Response to centralized government of Santa Anna  Mexican governor in New Mexico, Albino Perez  August 1837 Chimayo rebellion launched

6. California Foreign Trade Old Spanish Trail o Linked trade to New Mexico o Antonio Armijo Source: http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/cultural_diversity/Old_Spanish_National_Historic_Trail.html

7.  California Secularization  Mission System & Indians 1829 rebellion at La Purisima  Secularization 1824 & 1828 colonization laws  Colonization Hijar-Padres colonization, 1834  Ranching Juan Bandini w/Daughter Source : http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/78summer/women3.htm

8.  California Revolts  Regional rivalries along a north-south axis  1831 Rebellion Pio Pico  1835 Decade of Revolution  1842 Overthrow of Governor Source: http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/docs/books/gutenberg/3/6/6/1/36619/36619- h/images/m-39_alta_california.jpg

9. Texas  Population decline to 2,000 Tejanos by 1820  Class structure  Tejano elite  Small ranchers  Vaqueros, Cartmen, Peones  Texas becomes part of Coahuila  Nueces River boundary Source: http://www.tamu.edu/faculty/ccbn/dewitt/co&texse.htm

10.  Texas Empresario System  Moses Austin & Stephen F. Austin, 1820  Requirements  Become citizens of Mexico  Learn Spanish  Become Catholic  Assimilate into Mexican society Source: http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/austin.htm

11.  The Old Three Hundred  Andrew Robinson  Independence  Jared Groce  Hempstead  Stephen Austin  San Felipe de Austin Mural of Erasmo Seguin shaking hands with families of the 300. Source: http://www.grandlodgeoftexas.org/content/stephen-f-austin-mural-unveiled-texas- general-land-office

12.   July 1824, Mexican Congress passed law prohibiting purchase & sale of slaves  National Colonization Law, 1824  Coahuila y Tejas Colonization Law, 1825  Coahuila y Tejas State Constitution, 1827  Outlawed slavery  Austin and “permanent indentured servitude” Mexican Laws

13.  Republic of Fredonia  Haden Edwards  1825 contract to settle 800 families  Demands proof of title  Alliance with the Cherokee  Austin joined forces with Mexican military to end rebellion

14.  Report of Gen. Manuel Mier y Teran  Mexican population decline  Mexican loss of land  Illegal American immigration  Failure of immigrants to assimilate Source: http://www.tamu.edu/faculty/ccbn/dewitt/teranmanuel.htm

15. Law of April 6, 1830  Prohibited U.S. immigration  Ended empresario system  Increased presidio and soldier presence  Abolished slavery  Began enforcement of tariffs  Stricter laws on American trading  Promoted colonization by Mexican and European families

16.  Responses to April 6, 1830 Law  Tejanos appealed in Mexico City  June 1832 attack of Mexican garrison at Velasco  Attacks of Customhouses at Anahuac and Nacogdoches

17.  Texas Conventions 1832  Introduces resolutions  Nullify ban on immigration  Return to free trade  Reopen Texas to settlers  Separate Texas from Coahuila  Population: 6,000 Americans, 3,000 Tejanos, 1,000 Slaves 1833  Institutes provisions  Lifted ban on immigration  Extended exemption on tariffs  Established Texas as a state separate from Coahuila  Drafted provisional consitution

18.  Tejano & Texian Alliance  Juan Nepomuceno Seguin, Jose Antonio, Navarro, & Jose Francisco Ruiz  Stephen F. Austin & Sam Houston  Austin travels to Mexico City, 1833

19.  Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna  Comes to power 1834  Initially supported by Texans  Dissolution of 1824 Mexican Constitution  Rebellions erupt  Zacatecas  Yucatan  California  New Mexico  Coahuila y Tejas

20.   March 1835, Texas convention severing ties with Mexico  October 1835, Texans defeat of Mexican forces at Gonzalez  Form “Texas Army of the Republic”  Create a government  Pledge loyalty to centralist Mexico  December 1835, Texans gain control of San Antonio de Bexar Independence Movement

21.  Texas Independence  March 1836, Independence declared  Santa Anna attacks the Alamo  Slaughter of Texans  Slave rebellion  Battle of San Jacinto  Treaties of Velasco, April 1836

22.  Consequences for Tejanos  By independence population:  30,000 white Texans  3,000 Tejanos  Shift away from thriving Tejano representation in politics  Loss of Tejano land

23.  Consequences for Tejanos  Seguin flees to Mexico  1845 Texas Convention  Second class citizenship  Occupation of land between the Nueces and Rio Grande Rivers