1. Tissue: The Living Fabric4
P A R T C
Tissue: The Living Fabric

2. Connective Tissue: Hyaline Cartilage
Firm matrix with undetectable collagen fibers
Chondrocytes lie in lacunae
Supports, reinforces, cushions, and resists compression
Forms the costal cartilage
Found in the embryonic skeleton, at the end of long bones, and in the nose, trachea, and larynx

3. Hyaline Cartilage
Figure 4.9f

4. Connective Tissue: Elastic Cartilage
Similar to hyaline cartilage but with more elastic fibers
Maintains shape and structure while allowing flexibility
Supports external ear (pinna) and the epiglottis

5. Elastic Cartilage
Figure 4.9g

6. Connective Tissue: Fibrocartilage Cartilage
Matrix similar to hyaline cartilage but less firm with thick, visible collagen fibers
“Shock absorber”
Found in intervertebral discs, the pubic symphysis, and in menisci

7. Fibrocartilage Cartilage
Figure 4.9h

8. Connective Tissue: Bone (Osseous Tissue)
Hard, calcified matrix with collagen fibers
Osteocytes are found in lacunae
Well vascularized
Supports, protects, and provides levers for muscular action
Stores calcium, minerals, and fat
Bone marrow is the site of hematopoiesis

9. Bone (Osseous Tissue)
Figure 4.9i

10. Connective Tissue: Blood
Red and white cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)
Contained within blood vessels
Functions in the transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes

11. Blood
Figure 4.9j

12. Nervous Tissue
Branched neurons with long cellular processes and support cells
Transmits electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors
Found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

13. Nervous Tissue
Figure 4.10

14. Muscle Tissue: Skeletal
Long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with striations
Responsible for voluntary movement - contraction
Found in skeletal muscles that attach to bones or skin

15. Muscle Tissue: Skeletal
Figure 4.11a

16. Muscle Tissue: Cardiac
Branching, striated, uninucleate cells interlocking at intercalated discs
Propels blood into the circulation
Found in the walls of the heart

17. Muscle Tissue: Cardiac
Figure 4.11b

18. Muscle Tissue: Smooth
Sheets of spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei
No striations
Propels substances along internal passageways (i.e., peristalsis)
Found in the walls of hollow organs

19. Muscle Tissue: Smooth
Figure 4.11c

20. Cutaneous Membranes
Cutaneous – skin
Figure 4.12a

21. Mucous Membranes
Mucous – lines body cavities open to the exterior (e.g., digestive and respiratory tracts)
Figure 4.12b

22. Serous Membranes
Serous – moist membranes found in closed ventral body cavity
Figure 4.12c

23. Tissue Trauma Causes inflammation Characterized by:
Dilation of blood vessels
Increase in vessel permeability
Redness, heat, swelling, and pain

24. Tissue Repair After damage, blood clot forms
Next, granulation tissue appears and a scab will form
Figure 4.13a

25. Tissue Repair
Regeneration-surface epithelium regenerates and the scab detaches
Fibrosis - fibrous tissue forms in underlying layers
Figure 4.13b

26. Tissue Repair
Results in a fully regenerated epithelium with underlying scar tissue
Figure 4.13c

27. Developmental Aspects
Primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Three layers of cells formed early in embryonic development
Specialize to form the four primary tissues

28. Developmental Aspects
Nerve tissue arises from ectoderm
Muscle, connective tissue, and endothelium arise from mesoderm
Most mucous membranes arise from endoderm
Epithelial tissues arise from all three germ layers

29. Embryonic Origins of Tissue
Figure 4.14