1. The Art of Photography PHOTOGRAPHY: CHAPTER 2

2. BELLRINGER: VOCABULARY Composition Elements of Art Principles of Design Hue Saturation Value Balance Rule of Thirds Unity Variety Pictorialist Straight Photography

3. COMPOSITION Refers to the arrangement and relationship of different parts that make up the whole image. The Sandwich Analogy Elements (ingredients of a sandwich: bread, meat, cheese, etc.) Principles (the type of sandwich made: grilled, cold, open-face, hoagie, etc.) Arrangement of objects in the camera’s viewfinder.

4. GOAL OF PHOTOGRAPHY The ultimate goal of a photo is to communicate an idea, an emotion, or an experience to the viewer. Composition is “the strongest way of seeing.” --Edward Weston

5. ELEMENTS OF ART The compositions individual visual parts The real things you are seeing in the photo The raw materials in the photo Line, Shape and Form, Value, Color, Space, and Texture

6. LINE Fundamental art element A moving point in space Line quality: the unique characteristics of a line. Can be real A power line in a photo Can be implied A group of men standing in a line Can be used as boundaries, pathways, and/or dividers

9. SHAPE AND FORM Shape is a line that connects to itself Geometric Shapes: regular man-made everyday shapes Circles, squares, rectangle, triangles, etc. Organic Shapes: irregular shapes found in nature Leaf, puddles, shadows of birds, etc. Forms are three-dimensional shapes; they have depth

10. COLOR Light is photo’s medium Qualities of color Hue: The name of the color, all the colors found in white light Saturation: intensity or purity of the the color Value: lightness or darkness of a color Tints: lightened color Shades: darkened colors

11. COLOR Light’s Primary Colors: Red, Green and Blue Red + Blue = Magenta Green + Blue = Cyan Red + Green = Yellow Mixed to together = White

12. WARM VS. COOL COLORS Warm = Magenta, Red and Yellow Vibrant, intense, energy Cool = Green, Cyan and Blue Relaxed, calm feeling Color Contrast Opposites on the color wheel Energy, excitement.

13. VALUE Quality of light and dark, both in terms of color and shades of gray, in a composition Photography is the medium of light Gives clues about shapes and forms of objects Creates mood Primary indicator of a high-quality print Range includes pure white to pure black

14. SPACE The 2D arrangement of objects in a photo The 3D illusion of depth in the image Near/far relationship of objects Relative size Positive space: the subject/object Negative space: the background

16. TEXTURE The way something feels The way something looks like it might feel if you touched it Physical sensation and memory Makes photos look real and suggestions 3D space

18. PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN More abstract than elements…ideas that we use to organize the elements into successful images Pattern, Balance, Rule of Thirds, Unity, Variety, Movement, Rhythm, Emphasis, Proportion

19. PATTERN Repetition of any of the elements The key is repetition Can exist independently of an object Light source can project a pattern Layering patterns cause interest

21. BALANCE The appearance of equal visual weight within a composition Symmetrical: mirror-image composition Formal Asymmetrical: objects are not centered in the frame Interesting and exciting Radial: objects radiate from a central point in an image, like the spokes of a wheel Forceful or highly focused movement

22. SYMMETRICAL BALANCE

23. ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE

24. RADIAL BALANCE

25. RULE OF THIRDS Based on the Greek Golden Mean Divide your picture into equal thirds, both horizontally and vertically (grid) Objects at the vertical and horizontal intersections look more pleasing to the eye Land or sea horizons tend to look better when placed on top or bottom horizontal lines Placing object on one side or the other facing in creates movement

26. WHAT DID THEY DO RIGHT?

27. UNITY AND VARIETY Unity: all the individual parts of your photograph come together and support each other to make one unified image Elements in an image must relate to each other Variety: all the diverse art elements and principles found in a picture. Using different elements in one image can add interest, involve sense, inspire curiosity and create suspense and tension in your photos Too much variety can lead to chaos and disconnections

28. MOVEMENT AND RHYTHM Movement: real or implied motion Function of the shutter speed of the camera Shutter speeds control how much time and movement you capture Also, how the viewer’s eye travels through the photo Eyes are drawn to lightest / biggest objects Or darkest in a very light photo Rhythm: type of movement, but is a repetition that looks like it is moving. Repeated objects.

29. EMPHASIS Deciding what you want to stand out the most in your photo Contrasting colors, size or values will often cause emphasis

30. PROPORTION The relationship between the sizes of objects or components in an image. Indicate distance and location Large objects appear closer, smaller appear far away Telephoto lenses will limit perceived sizes

31. PICTORIALISM AND STRAIGHT PHOTOGRAPHY Pictorialism: One of the first art movements of photography, 1850’s—1940’s Soft-focus lenses that reduce details and handmade prints that resembled drawing. Mythical / historical /romantic themes Straight Photography: late 1800’s movements as a reaction to Pictorialism Maximum sharpness, wide tonal range and unmanipulated prints

32. VIEWPOINT AND TIMING Viewpoint: close up, far away, microscopic, panoramic…try as many viewpoints as you can Timing!!! Expressions Position of body in proportion to the body Amount of light needed (time the shutter is open) Freezing moments in time

33. INDIRECT LIGHT VS. DIRECT LIGHT Indirect Light: No specific direction from which it originates, and it strikes the scene evenly No strong shadows Minimizes wrinkles and flatters the subject Direct Light: from a specific direction, creating highlights and shadows. More 3D Harsh, dramatic, powerful