1. 1.The images were made by 3 different types of microscopes. How do the images differ? 2.What kinds of information might scientists gather with each type of microscope?

2. New as of 10/20/07 You may substitute a picture of a bug instead of catching the insect. BUT, you will only get 2 points per insect if substitute with pictures (as compared to the five points for having captured and pinned the bug). This is for students that are having trouble finding certain bugs, and since it is getting cooler outside now, will have more difficulty. DO NOT turn in a project with nothing but pictures for your insects….this shows me that you procrastinated for over a month and didn’t bother to work on your project outside of school. (Which I warned you about during the third week of school when this project was assigned.) If any pictures are used, you need to attach them to your board or frame, just like your insects would be…..and you still need to make a note-card for each. I already have insect projects that have been turned in (with all twenty insects), I have caught many bugs myself since I assigned this project (and have made an even larger insect collection than this as a fall semester assignment in college), so I do not want to hear excuses from anyone about not being able to complete this project.

3. 7.1 Section Objectives – page 171 Section Objectives: Identify the main ideas of the cell theory. Understand the structure and function of the parts of a typical prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

4. Warm Up Explain the difference between an extensive and an intensive property. Give three examples of each.

5. Section 7.1 Summary – pages 171-174 Before microscopes were invented, people believed that diseases were caused by curses and supernatural spirits. HISTORY As scientists began using microscopes, they quickly realized they were entering a new world–one of microorganisms.

6. Section 7.1 Summary – pages 171-174 The microscope was invented in the late 1500s by Dutch spectacle-maker Zacharias Janssen. HISTORY It magnified objects 3 to 9 times its size.

7. Section 7.1 Summary – pages 171-174 The first person to record looking at water under a microscope was Anton van Leeuwenhoek (Lay-vun-hook). The microscope van Leeuwenhoek used is considered a simple light microscope because it contained one lens and used natural light to view objects. HISTORY

8. Section 7.1 Summary – pages 171-174 Robert Hooke was an English scientist who lived at the same time as van Leeuwenhoek. He discovered cells. Hooke used a compound light microscope to study cork, the dead cells of oak bark. HISTORY

9. Section 7.1 Summary – pages 171-174 Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. CELLS

10. Section 7.1 Summary – pages 171-174 Other scientists took Hooke’s discovery and after studying plants and animals, their conclusions were summarized as the cell theory CELLS

11. Section 7.1 Summary – pages 171-174 The cell theory is made up of three main ideas: All organisms are composed of one or more cells. CELLS

12. Section 7.1 Summary – pages 171-174 The cell theory is made up of three main ideas: The cell is the basic unit of organization of living things. CELLS

13. Section 7.1 Summary – pages 171-174 The cell theory is made up of three main ideas: CELLS All cells come from preexisting cells.

14. COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE

15. Compound light microscopes use light to view and a series of lenses to magnify objects in steps. These microscopes can magnify objects up to 1500 times their size. Section 7.1 Summary – pages 171-174 MICROSCOPES

16. Electron Microscope

17. Section 7.1 Summary – pages 171-174 The electron microscope was invented in the 1940s. This microscope uses a beam of electrons to magnify structures up to 500 000 times their actual size. MICROSCOPES

18. Section 7.1 Summary – pages 171-174 There are two basic types of electron microscopes. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) scans the surface of cells to learn their three dimensional shape. MICROSCOPES Electron Microscopes

19. Section 7.1 Summary – pages 171-174 There are two basic types of electron microscopes. The transmission electron microscope allows scientists to study the structures contained within a cell. MICROSCOPES Electron Microscopes

20. Section 7.1 Summary – pages 171-174 Cells are divided into two groups: TWO TYPES OF CELLS PROKARYOTIC CELLS EUKARYOTIC CELLS

21. Section 7.1 Summary – pages 171-174 Cells that do not contain membrane-bound organelles are called prokaryotic cells. PROKARYOTIC CELLS SIMPLE CELL

22. Section 7.1 Summary – pages 171-174 PROKARYOTIC CELLS ● BACTERIA ● NO NUCLEUS ● UNI-CELLULAR ORGANISMS

23. Cell wall Plasma membrane RibosomesDNA PROKARYOTIC CELLS SIMPLE CELL

24. PROKARYOTIC CELLS PARTS Plasma membrane The plasma membrane is a boundary that allows nutrients and water in and out of the cell. It is selective and helps maintain homeostasis

25. PROKARYOTIC CELLS PARTS Cell Wall The cell wall is a fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection. The cell wall is not flexible

26. Ribosomes Ribosomes are organelles without a membrane (skin) They are the sites where the cell produces enzymes and other proteins according to the directions from DNA. PROKARYOTIC CELLS PARTS

27. Section 7.1 Summary – pages 171-174 Cells containing membrane-bound organelles are called eukaryotic cells. EUKARYOTIC CELLS COMPLEX CELL

28. Section 7.1 Summary – pages 171-174 Organisms made of eukaryotic cells: - Protists - Fungi - Plants - Animals EUKARYOTIC CELLS

29. Section 7.1 Summary – pages 171-174 EUKARYOTIC CELLS ● HAS A NUCLEUS ● MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES ● UNI- AND MULTI- CELLED ORGANISMS

30. Section 7.1 Summary – pages 171-174 ORGANELLES IN CELLS With the development of better microscopes, scientists observed that cells contain small, specialized structures called organelles. Many organelles are surrounded by membranes Each organelle has a specific function in the cell.

31. Section 1 Check Question 1 How did the invention of the microscope impact society's understanding of disease? B. Microscopes were invented after the development of the cell theory. A. Scientists were able to view microorganisms that were previously unknown. C. It was once believed that viruses, not bacteria, caused diseases. D. Scientists could view membrane-bound organelles of prokaryotes.

32. Section 1 Check The answer is A. Before microscopes were invented, people believed that curses and supernatural spirits caused diseases. Microscopes enabled scientists to view cells, which led to the discovery that microorganisms cause some diseases. Answer:

33. Section 1 Check What kind of microscope uses a beam of light and a series of lenses to magnify objects in steps? Question 2

34. Section 1 Check The answer is Compound light microscopes. They use a light beam and a series of lenses and can magnify objects up to about 1500 times. Answer:

35. Section 1 Check Question 3 What makes this cell eukaryotic? A. It is a simple cell. B. Because it contains DNA. C. Because it has membrane-bound organelles D. Because it does not have DNA.

36. Section 1 Check Nucleus Organelles The Answer is C. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles that have specific functions in the cell; prokaryotic cells do not. Answer:

37. Section 1 Check Who was the person that discovered cells and named them? Question 4

38. Section 1 Check The answer is Robert Hooke Answer:

39. Section 1 Check What part of the cell maintains homeostasis? Question 5

40. Section 1 Check What are three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?