1. Fisheries mitigation actions to benefit migratory bull trout in a system fragmented by hydropower – the lower Clark Fork River in Idaho and Montana. Sean Moran and Shana Bernall, Avista Corporation

3. Clark Fork Project FERC Project No. 2058 Cabinet Gorge HED Noxon Rapids HED

4. Clark Fork Project Relicensing Proactive process began in 1996 between 62 stakeholders Proactive process began in 1996 between 62 stakeholders including state and federal agencies, Indian tribes and NGOs. including state and federal agencies, Indian tribes and NGOs. Clark Fork Settlement Agreement (CFSA) signed in 1999. Clark Fork Settlement Agreement (CFSA) signed in 1999.  Collaborative process nationally recognized.  Bull trout (BLT) listed as threatened in 1999. CFSA incorporated Native Salmonid Restoration Plan (NSRP). CFSA incorporated Native Salmonid Restoration Plan (NSRP).  NSRP uses adaptive management to address multiple aspects of native fisheries management. aspects of native fisheries management. Resultant “Living License” for Cabinet Gorge and Noxon Resultant “Living License” for Cabinet Gorge and Noxon Rapids HEDs issued in 2000. Rapids HEDs issued in 2000.

5. Native Salmonid Restoration Plan (NSRP) Funded by Avista the NSRP addresses multiple fisheries mitigation efforts including:  Reestablishing connectivity for native species.  Investigating and monitoring fish pathogens.  Categorizing stock genetics.  Investigating Non-native impacts and possible control.  Determining native stock abundance and distribution.  Habitat Evaluation, Protection and Enhancement. Photo: Kevin Duffy, Avista Corporation

6. W. Fredenberg, USFWS

7. Upstream Bull Trout Passage Efforts Experimental Passage above Cabinet Gorge Dam 2001-2003. Utilized Rapid Response Genetic Assignment to guide Upstream Transport above both dams from 2004. 435 adult bull trout (BLT) transported upstream since 2001.

8. Total = 584 121 154 177 132 Upstream Bull Trout Passage: Genetic Assignments

9. 2006200720092010 Adults Collected Adults and Juveniles Collected; Parentage Analysis Juveniles Collected; Parentage Analysis 2008 2005 Upstream Bull Trout Passage Assessment: Parentage Study

10. Bull Trout Parentage Study Results for East Fork Bull R. (EFBR) and Graves Cr. (DeHaan and Bernall NAJFM 2013) EFBRGraves Offspring Analyzed927435 Offspring Assigned to Parent Pair21526 Unique Parent Pairs199 Offspring Assigned to Single Parent247269 Unique Adults Producing Offspring2524 Upstream Transports Producing Offspring1217 Offspring Assigned to Transport Parent162205 Percent Offspring Assigned to Transport Parent(17.5%)(47.1%)

11. Downstream Juvenile Bull Trout Transport Screw and weir traps used to capture outmigrants Up to 18 traps seasonally deployed in 7 rearing tributaries Since 2001, over 2,000 juvenile BLT transported downstream Permanent Weir in Graves Cr. operational in 2013 Designed to operate at higher flows Assessed with PIT tag antennas

12. Downstream Juvenile Bull Trout Transport: Assessment

13. 14328567 12..………. Egg Modeling: Risk Assessment Transport (Al-Chokhachy et al. In press) Individual-based model: ran varying age at transport and return rates and two perturbation scenarios. Risk (<6 adults in simulations) increased when age 3 or 4 fish transported. Removing/ transporting age 2 fish did not increase risk. With 3-6% returns, transporting age 2 fish did not increase adult #s above baseline (due to density dependence). Used to transport age 2 fish; to date: 8% return rate Pro: Increased fecundity and stochastic resilience; Con: K?

14. Modeling: Future Direction

15. Holistic approach needed Holistic approach needed Bull Trout keystone species signifying ecosystem Bull Trout keystone species signifying ecosystem health health Epilogue Photo: Joel Sartore, National Geographic

16. Acknowledgements Program Leads and Collaborators: Joe DosSantos, Bruce Sorensen (Avista); Wade Fredenberg, Larry Lockard (USFWS); Rob Ryan, Ken Bouwens(IDFG); and Jon Hanson, Ryan Kreiner (MFWP). Avista, field: Kevin Duffy, Rob Jakubowski, Daniel MacKay, Jon McCubbins, Nick Posselt, Sherryl Skaggs, Josh Storaasli, Jeremy Stover and Tim Tholl. Olsten Employees: Teresa Byrd, Kjirsten Green, Stephanie Larkin, Brandon Piazzola, Tad Singbeil and Tyler Swant. USFWS: Brice Adams, Matt Diggs, Pat DeHaan, Denise Hawkins, Sharon Hooley, and Jennifer VonBargen Photo: Mike Heck (2012 Salvelinus confluentus Curiosity Society Meeting)