1. 1. About 660-700 miles 2. The Nile flows downhill, from south to north. 3. Eastern Desert; the Western Desert; the Mediterranean Sea. 4. No, because the delta and the Nile Valley are isolated by geographical barriers: Mediterranean Sea-north Deserts to east and west Land of Nubia and Nile cataracts (rapids with rocks) to south 5. People settle along the narrow river valley. Water for drinking, bathing and cooking Crop irrigation Highway for travel and trade. Doc A: Ancient Egypt (map)

2. 1.The Egyptians had 3 four month seasons instead of 4 three month seasons. 2.A very high Nile would drown the crops and destroy villages; A low Nile would bring severe drought and cause food shortages. 3.During planting (peret) and Harvest (shemu) 4.During flooding season 5.The Nile determined the Egyptian calendar; the river set the agricultural (farming) cycle Doc B: The Nile River Flood Cycle

3. 1.Two obelisks, maybe for a temple. 2.Possibly a mummified body being carried to its burial tomb. 3.They are traveling south. Winds out of the north, sailing ships would be pointed in opposite direction. Tugs were used to pull a barge against the current and the current flowed towards the north. 4.Oarsmen & sailors 1.boat builders 2.sail makers 3.fishermen 4.farmers who depended on river transport for marketing crops, 5.Government official who depended on receiving grain for payment, which in turn paid their salaries 6.Stone cutters 5. The Nile was the superhighway of Ancient Egypt. It enabled Egyptians to move goods and people up or down the river. The Egyptians people could move crops up and down the river during time of famine or plenty. River transport also gave craftsmen a chance to sell and trade beyond their local markets. The Nile made a national economy possible Doc C: Transport on the Nile

4. 1.Farming: harvesting wheat (panel three); plowing, seeding, pulling flax (panel four). 2.Panel three: wheat, sickle, basket. Panel four: cattle, plow, basket, flax plants. Bottom panel: the Nile River, with shrubs and date palms along its banks. 3.Virtually everything! No water, no life, no crops, no animals, no boat rides, no people. 4.The river had a profound effects on the spiritual beliefs of the ancient Egyptians. This painting shows that the Egyptians believed the Nile would continue to provide for them in the afterlife. The Nile almost always appears in tomb paintings. Doc D: Field of Reeds (Tomb Painting)

5. Doc E Hymn to the Nile 1. It is a song of praise or thanks, especially to a God or gods. 2. It keeps the land alive(able to produce food) -It floods the fields so that the animals will have the food they need to live. -It causes barley and wheat to grow. -It allows religious festivals(in times of plenty) -It makes the people joyful. 3. Not enough flooding reduces silt buildup and limits irrigration. This causes famine and poverty. 4. If it weren’t for the Nile river, the Egyptian civilization would not have arisen. People could not have survived in this desert land without the river. 5. The hymn shows that the Egyptians worshipped the river and understood its importance in their culture. They had a spiritual relationship with the Nile as well as practical, everyday connection to it. The river had the power to make them happy or great sorrow, even death.