2.  Made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen  Has proportions of above 1:2:1  Key sources of energy found in most foods  Building blocks of carbohydrates are simple sugars  Monosaccharide – single sugars, example: glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ).  Disaccharide – two monosaccharides bonded together, example: sucrose (C 12 H 24 O 12 )  Polysaccharide – multiple monosaccharides or disaccharides bonded together, example: starches, cellulose.

3.  Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (not in a 1:2:1 ratio)  Includes: fats, oils, waxes  Building blocks of lipids are fatty acids  Saturated fats – composed of hydrocarbon chains without double bonds, solid at room temperature  Unsaturated fats – composed of a link of fatty chains that have double bonds and they don’t pack so tightly because they bend, liquid at room temperature  Polyunsaturated fats – contain multiple double bonds, heart healthy fats

4.  Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen  Building blocks are amino acids (there are 20 amino acids)  Amino acids are combined in a linear chain. They are then folded in a variety of ways.  Enzymes, antibodies, hormones, and structural proteins

5.  Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphate  Building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides  Nucleotide has three parts: base, sugar and phosphate  Three types:  DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid ◦ Double strand of nucleotides ◦ Hereditary information  RNA - Ribonucleic acid ◦ Single strand of nucleotides ◦ Needed for protein synthesis  ATP - Adenosine triphosphate ◦ Nucleotide plus two extra phophate groups ◦ Energy source for cells