1. Upsurge of Nationalism (1812-1824) War of 1812 Often called the Second War for Independence Country was unprepared (decentralized gov.) Battle of New Orleans Treaty of Ghent Americans came out of the war with a renewed sense of nationalism. Peace opened the door for nation building

2. Nationalism (Expansion) Adams – Onis Treaty – Spain relinquished Florida The American System (1815) Henry Clay Banking, tariff, roads/canals James Monroe’s Presidency – The Era of Good Feeling Serious problems were brewing (Missouri Compromise (1820)

3. Judicial Nationalism The Marshall Court continued to strengthen the federal government. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) – federal supremacy/implied powers. Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) – Constitution protected contracts. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) – Congress can regulate commerce.

4. Jacksonian Democracy 1824 – John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, “Corrupt Bargain” Election of 1828 – new era of mass democracy Rise of the democratic party Spoils System Indian Removal (Trail of Tears) Worcester v. Georgia Nullification Crisis (Tariff of Abominations) Bank War Whigs

5. 19 th Century Reform Second Great Awakening (Revivalism – 1790s) Save humanity from its own worst impulses. American Temperance Society Horace Mann – Public Schools Dorothea Dix – Prisons Elijah Lovejoy – abolition William Lloyd Garrison – abolition, Liberator Seneca Falls Elizabeth Cady Stanton Grimke Sisters

6. Reform II Utopian Communities Shakers (celibacy) Onieda Community (free love) Brook Farm Transcendentalism – Emerson, Thoreau

7. Sectional Conflict Mexican War Wilmot Proviso Free-Soil Movement Compromise of 1850 (Fugitive Slave Law) Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Stephen Douglas Bleeding Kansas (John Brown, Brooks/Sumner) Republican Party Uncle Tom’s Cabin Dred Scott Election of 1860