1. The Panorama of the Future Radioactive Areas from now to 2020 S. Roesler on behalf of DGS-RP Workshop on remote manipulations and diagnostics in radioactive areas and handling of radioactive material CERN, May 6, 2013

2. 2 Outline Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler 1. LHC: Present radiological classification Measured residual dose rates and comparison to FLUKA simulations Operational scenarios until LS3, scaling factors for dose rates Evolution of dose rates 2. LHC injectors: SPS, PS, PSB Residual dose rates and present radiological classification 3. Target Areas: North, East and AD target areas Measured dose rate maps Evolution of dose rates with cooing time 4. ISOLDE: Measured and calculated residual dose rate maps Calculated dose rates for target recovery scenario 5. ALARA: Reminder on ALARA rules Work-and-dose planning Optimization during design Not covered: CNGS, nTof, Linacs, Experimental Areas,…

3. 3 Radiological classification of the LHC during 2012 S. Roesler < 0.5 µSv/h< 2.5 µSv/h < 3 µSv/h< 15 µSv/h < 10 µSv/h< 50 µSv/h n/a< 2 mSv/h n/a< 100 mSv/h n/a> 100 mSv/h permanent low-occupancy

4. 4 LHC Point 7 Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler Ambient dose equivalent rates in µSv/h at 40cm measured on Dec 20, 2012 (last “good” fill on Dec 5, i.e. cooling time >1week) t cool Scaling factor One hour1.4 One day1.0 One week0.73 One month0.45 4 months0.20 Scaling factors based on generic Studies for IR7:

5. 5 LHC Point 7 Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler FLUKA calculations for nominal parameters Collimator (1 week cooling) Absorber (1 week cooling) good agreement between FLUKA results and measurements (after scaling to nominal conditions)

6. 6 LHC Point 6 Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler 110 µSv/h 40 µSv/h 83 µSv/h 222 µSv/h 500 µSv/h Ambient dose equivalent rates in µSv/h at 40cm measured on Dec 17, 2012 (~1 hour after last dump) 1 day 1 week 17. Dec 2012, 8am factor 2 factor 4

7. 7 LHC Point 6 Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler 110 µSv/h 40 µSv/h FLUKA calculations for nominal parameters 100 µSv/h 10 µSv/h FLUKA calculations: J.Vollaire et al.

8. 8 LHC Point 1 Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler FLUKA calculations for LS1 (1 week cooling) Ambient dose equivalent rates in µSv/h at 40cm measured on Dec 17, 2012 (last “good” fill on Dec 5, i.e. cooling time >1week) Courtesy: C.Urscheler et al.

9. 9 LHC Point 5 Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler FLUKA calculations for LS1 (1 week cooling) Ambient dose equivalent rates in µSv/h at 40cm measured on Dec 17, 2012 (last “good” fill on Dec 5, i.e. cooling time >1week) Courtesy: C.Urscheler et al.

10. 10 Operational scenario(s) 201520162017LS2201920202021LS3 ATLAS L int (fb -1 )5241 83 L peak (cm -2 s -1 )1.0×10 34 2.0×10 34 CMS L int (fb -1 )5080100150 L peak (cm -2 s -1 )1.2×10 34 2.3×10 34 2.5×10 34 3.5×10 34 L.Rossi / HiLumi Workshop, Frascati Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler Assumptions on the operational parameters as obtained from ATLAS and CMS

11. 11 Dose rate evolution until LS3 – ATLAS Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler LS1 LS2 LS3 Ambient dose equivalent rates in µSv/h after one week of cooling (also representative for a TS during the run prior to the respective LS) Courtesy: C.Urscheler et al.

12. 12 Dose rate evolution until LS3 – CMS Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler Ambient dose equivalent rates in µSv/h after one week of cooling (also representative for a TS during the run prior to the respective LS) Courtesy: C.Urscheler et al. LS1 LS2 LS3

13. 13 201520162017LS2201920202021LS3 ATLAS L int (fb -1 )5241 83 L peak (cm -2 s -1 )1.0×10 34 2.0×10 34 CMS L int (fb -1 )5080100150 L peak (cm -2 s -1 )1.2×10 34 2.3×10 34 2.5×10 34 3.5×10 34 Dose rate evolution until LS3 – Scaling factors t cool = 4 monthsATLASCMS LS2 / LS14.19.0 LS3 / LS18.516.0 LS3 / LS22.01.7 Short cooling times: - dominated by short-lived nuclides - dose rate reflects interaction rate (instantaneous luminosity) - increase, e.g., ATLAS from now until 2021: (peak lumi: 2.0×10 34 / 0.7×10 34 ) 2.9 (energy) ~1.5 (total) ~4.4 Long cooling times: - dominated by longer-lived nuclides - dose rate reflects integrated luminosity - e.g., as calculated with FLUKA Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler

14. 14 Residual dose rates LS3 – ATLAS one month 4 months 6 months one year Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler t cool Scaling factor 1 week1.6 1 month1.0 4 months0.47 6 months0.35 1 year0.2

15. 15 Residual dose rates LS3 – CMS one month 4 months 6 months one year Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler t cool Scaling factor 1 week1.6 1 month1.0 4 months0.47 6 months0.35 1 year0.2

16. 16 Residual dose rates LS3 – TAS at Point 5 one week 1 month 4 months one year Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler

17. 17 Residual dose rates LS3 – TAN at Point 1 4 month cooling µSv/hLS1LS2LS3 top35140300 side1874150 inside26001070022100 top side inside Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler

18. 18 SPS – Ring Survey (1) Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler Performed during annual shutdown Usually done 30 hours after beam stop and at end of annual shutdown Use of motorized tractor Measurements with plastic scintillator every meter Complemented by more detailed measurement at specific work-sites and most radioactive components in order to define radiological classification

19. 19 SPS Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler SPS – Ring Survey (2) 1 mSv/h 10 µSv/h 1 mSv/h 10 µSv/h

20. 20 SPS – Detailed Survey Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler Example: Sextant 1 Cartographie manuelle du SPS/BA1 le 13/12/11 NAME CEL L SLOTTYPE Débits de dose en entrée à 40cm (AD6) [µSv/h] Débits de dose en sortie à 40cm (AD6) [µSv/h] Débits de dose max au contact (AD6) [µSv/h] MBA.111701112362044MBA2.31.3 MBA.111901112362045MBA1.31.9 LSF.112051112362046LSF2.33.4 MDH.112071112362047MDH3.46.4 23 BPH.112081112362048BPH6.44.7 QF.112101122362049QF4.79 MBA.112301122362050MBA91.5 MBA.112501122362051MBA1.52.1 MBB.112701122362052MBB2.11.2 MBB.112901122362053MBB1.28 VVSA.113011122362054VVSA88.5 LSD.113051122362055LSD10.512.9 MDV.113071122362056MDV12.920 71 BPV.113081122362057BPV2010 QD.113101132362058QD102.8 MBB.113301132362059MBB2.82 MBB.113501132362060MBB28 MBA.113701132362061MBA85.5 MBA.113901132362062MBA5.522 QE.114021132362063QE2227 LSF.114051132362064LSF2730 MDH.114071132362065MDH3054 85 BPH.114081132362066BPH5430 QF.114101142362067QF30150 300 TIDP.114341142362068TIDP65004500 4000 VMEP.114511142644874 VME P 700 1500 MBB.114701142362069MBB400212 MBB.114901142362070MBB212168 1200 LSD.115051142362071LSD230440 2000 MDV.115071142362072MDV4401000 5000 BPV.115081142362073BPV1000600 QD.115101152362074QD600110 1700 MBB.115301152362075MBB11023 MBB.115501152362076MBB23148 325 MBA.115701152362077MBA14824 Radiological classification as Limited Stay Area with local postings of “hot spots” Dose rates not expected to change dramatically during coming years

21. 21 Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler shown here: results 32hrs after beam stop 18/12/2012 radiological classification as Limited Stay Area dose rates not expected to change dramatically during coming years several optimization measures planned (e.g., dummy septum) PS

22. 22 PSB Ring Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler

23. 23 PSB Injection Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler 600 µSv 300 µSv Dose rate reduction: factor of two between 1-2 hours and 32 hours factor of two between 32 hours and two months cooling time

24. 24 North target area Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler Residual dose rates in µSv/h 25 Oct 2002 (38 days after proton run)

25. 25 North target area Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler 2 hours 1 day 1 week factor 2 5 hours

26. 26 East target area Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler Shown here: 2 months of cooling Dose rates higher by about a factor of 7 after 1-2 hours cooling Very crowded and not optimized w.r.t. modern RP

27. 27 AD target area Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler Shown here: 3 months of cooling Dose rates higher by about a factor of 9 after 1-2 hours cooling

28. 28 ISOLDE Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler 170  Sv/h 60  Sv/h 10  Sv/h 15  Sv/h 650  Sv/h (1 m from target) 60  Sv/h 450  Sv/h (2 m from target) Example: Survey measurements from shutdown 2011 (about 2 months cooling time)

29. 29 ISOLDE Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler 1 day of cooling (Pessimistic) Example: Five years of operation with UC target at 10 20 protons/year Residual dose rate calculated with FLUKA for different cooling times after target removal Courtesy: J.Vollaire et al.

30. 30 ISOLDE Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler (Even more pessimistic) Example: target recovery scenario About 9 days of operation with UC target at 10 19 protons delivered (~2 µA) Residual dose rates calculated with FLUKA Probibited area (100 mSv/h) 3 days of cooling Courtesy: J.Vollaire et al.

31. 31 Optimization – Safety Code F Optimization starts with the design! Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler

32. 32 Optimization is legal requirement if accumulated dose exceeds 100 μSv (ALARA) Optimization includes: work coordination work procedures handling tools design material 5 mSv Group 1 criteria 30 November 2012 Group 2 criteria Optimization – ALARA procedure Group 1 criteria: determine ALARA Level classification Group 2 criteria: can be used by RP/RSO to increase classification Formal work-and-dose-planning (DIMR) as from ALARA Level 2 ALARA committee if ALARA Level 3

33. 33 Work- and dose planning (DIMR) Optimization – ALARA procedure

34. 34 Optimization during design – Intervention doses Methodology: 1.Calculation of residual dose rate maps 2.Calculation of individual and collective intervention doses 3.Revision of design and/or work scenario for cooling times typical for interventions on the respective component based on nominal operational parameters definition of geometry and materials as detailed as needed (and available) based on as realistic as possible work scenarios, including locations, duration, number of persons involved,.. identification of cooling times below which work will be impossible (design criterion: 2 mSv/intervention/year) communication of results and constraints to equipment groups start with work steps that give highest individual or collective doses consider optimization measures (distance, tooling, material choices, etc.) identify if remote handling is possible Start of iteration: New design ? Step 1 Revised work scenario ? Step 2 Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler

35. 35 Recent example – Linac 4 dump Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler 12 4 3 Courtesy: D.Grenier

36. 36 Summary (1) Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler LHC: -Activation and residual dose rates in LSS1, 5, 3, 7 will increase until LS3 by factors up to 16 and approach levels of the present SPS. -LSS1 and LSS5 will become Limited Stay Areas until LS3 with residual dose rates (few months cooling) in the aisle of about 100 µSv/h, reaching several mSv/h close to most radioactive objects. LSS7 may become High Radiation Area with dose rates of 2-10 mSv/h (few days of cooling) around collimators and absorbers. -Dose rate around the inner parts of the experiments and their forward shielding will increase to several mSv/h. -Upgrade studies should include the development of tools and work procedures for maintenance, repair and dismantling. -As successfully done during the LHC design, all components to be installed in high-loss regions must be optimized for future handling and radioactive waste disposal (see also next presentation) -Radiological assessments, including detailed FLUKA calculations, will be performed as soon as design choices have been made which may then serve as input to assess design options.

37. 37 Summary (2) Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler SPS, PS, PSB: -Dose rates have reached saturation and remain at the present levels. They are classified as Limited Stay Areas with local areas where dose rates exceed 2mSv/h. -Loss locations may vary and, if possible, should be moved to passive robust elements that need little maintenance (e.g., PS dummy septum 15). Target areas: -The North, East and AD target areas are among the most radioactive areas at CERN and not always optimized with regard to modern RP (crowded, corrosion, ageing components, some without ventilation,…). -In order to reduce waiting times before interventions and dose to personnel they are presently in the focus for development of remotely operated devices. -Consolidation projects are ongoing for all of them.

38. 38 Summary (3) Remote Manipulations Workshop, 6 May 2013 S. Roesler ISOLDE -The ISOLDE target area is one of the very few areas at CERN where fully remote handling is mandatory. Its robot will be replaced during this LS (see presentation by J. L. Grenard). -Its laboratory area will change completely and include in the future significant handling activities of highly radioactive objects (ISOLDE targets, Medicis samples). ALARA: -CERN’s ALARA rules are being used with great success since several years now and have just been revised. - Moreover, they are now fully integrated into the activity planning and approval process (IMPACT). Many thanks to: C. Adorisio, C.Urscheler, D. Forkel-Wirth, N. Conan, H.+H. Vincke, J. Vollaire, C. Tromel, R. Fröschl, G. Dumont,…