1. Reasons for Exploration

2. New World vs. Old World Old World New World North America
South America
Old World
Europe
Asia
Africa

4. New World
Historian’s believe that Native Americans migrated from Asia about 12,000 years ago across the Bering Straight at the end of the last Ice Age.

5. The Emergence of Native American Civilizations

6. By 1500, North America was home to hundreds of unique Native American cultural groups. Each one very different from one another

7. OLD WORLD

8. The Middle Ages Let’s look at how the Age of Exploration began.
In order to understand how important exploration was to the world, we need to go back to a time when exploration was of little importance----
The Middle Ages

9. Middle Ages ( )
During the Middle Ages life was hard and people struggled just to survive.
There was constant threat from outside invaders.
Food was scarce, death and disease was rampant .

10. Feudal Society King Lords Knights Serfs
This feudalism was a system of loyalty and protection called worked from...
Feudal Society
King
Lords
Knights
Serfs
top to bottom
and
bottom to top

11. Eventually, life became somewhat easier and people were not so afraid to leave their feudal manors.
In 1095 Pope Urban II called on all Christians to leave their homes and defend their faith by joining the Crusades.

12. The Crusades: 1090s-1270s
The Crusades were a series of wars fought between Christians and Muslims for the control of the Holy Land.
The Holy Land
The Middle East

13. The Crusades were important because...
Asia
Europeans ventured to Asia for the first time.

14. Effects of the Crusades
Europeans were introduced to new foods and products.
This led to an increase of trade between Europe and Asia

15. Renaissance

16. “Renaissance” (1400-1600) actually means “rebirth
“Renaissance” ( ) actually means “rebirth.” It was a rebirth of knowledge and culture in art, religion, science, and learning that had flourished in ancient Greek and Roman times. .

17. People did not have to struggle as much to survive during the Renaissance. They had more leisure time. Some very famous figures used that leisure time to create and invent wonderful things.
Gutenberg
printed
books.

18. Michelangelo
painted
and sculpted.
Galileo
magnified
the heavens.

19. Shakespeare
wrote.
Leonardo
invented
and painted

20. Enlightenment
Magna Carta limited the power of the King and the English Bill of Rights protected individual rights of Englishmen
John Locke believed people have rights that must be protected by governments.

21. Exploration
Trade with Asia led to exploration of the world.
European nations were looking for an all water route to Asia to make $$$ off spices and silk.

22. European Explorers Hall of Fame
A few explorers who made a difference.

23. Christopher Columbus- Spain
Columbus was searching for a faster route to Asia..
October 12, 1492 Columbus landed on what he believed was the Indies
He thought he was in India, but he really had “discovered” the New World

25. Columbus opened the “New World” for exploration.

26. Amerigo Vespucci- Italy
Amerigo followed Columbus’s route to the New World. Amerigo was an Italian Mapmaker.
He wrote to a friend that he had indeed figured out these were new continents
The AMERICA’s are named after Amerigo!

27. Hernando Cortes - Spain
Spanish conquistadors claimed vast areas of the New World for Spain
In 1519 , Hernan Cortes entered Mexico and made contact with the mighty Aztec Empire.

28. Mistaken for an Aztec God, Cortes proceeded to destroy and conquer the Aztec Empire

29. Jacques Cartier- France
Cartier was looking for the Northwest Passage, a believed waterway to China through North America.
discovered the mouth of the St. Lawrence River.
claimed much of Canada for France.

31. Henry Hudson- England/ Dutch
During his search for the Northwest Passage, but discovered the Hudson River, Hudson Strait, and Hudson Bay.. .
claimed land for both England and Dutch
Hudson was viewed as too intense and unfair. Eventually his crew mutinied (rebelled) and left him to die in the icy North Atlantic.

34. Ferdinand Magellan- Spain
Magellan’s voyage was the first to circumnavigate the globe.
However, Magellan was killed in the Philippines during a battle with natives.
His crew put his body in a pickling barrel and finished the voyage, so technically, Magellan did sail around the world.

36. Sir Frances Drake- England
Drake was a famous English “Sea Dog” who raided ships of the Spanish Armada. Eventually, he helped defeat the Armada.
Drake was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world.

38. Prince Henry the Navigator- Portugal
Henry never explored, but he was instrumental in promoting exploration by:
financed many voyages for Portugal.
starting a school for navigation at Sagres that initiated many advancements in sailing.

39. The Conquistadors- Spain
gold
The conquistadors were the Spanish conquerors who were looking for the “Three G’s”...
God
glory
Two of the most famous were:
Hernando Cortez who conquered the Aztecs in Mexico.
Francisco Pizarro who conquered the Incas in Peru.