1. Why Italy? Thesis #3 Explain why the renaissance occurred in Italy

2. Why was it different? Concept of Man –Middle ages made of “dirt” (Bible, Aristotle) higher than the beasts (but not much) –Renaissance formed “in God’s image” lower than the angels The relative place of man in the celestial hierarchy did not change, but the perception of the potential of man did

3. Re-Birth

4. Agreement: transition from medieval to modern world Characteristics of Renaissance Europe 1.National consciousness 2.Political centralization 3.Urban economy (commerce and capitalism) 4.Secular influence on thought, culture, religion 1375 (death of Florentine humanists)- 1527 (invasion of Rome)

5. 1.Venice 2.Florence 3.Milan 4.Naples 5.Papal States

6. Why Italy? Geography –Proximity to Classical World Power of City State –Urbanization (City Life) –Increased wealth –Crisis of authority Patronage ($$$$$) Extraordinary artists/intellectuals/writers (Talent) –Artists: Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Rafael –Thinkers: Petrarch, Bocciacco, Dante

7. Geography Close to Classic areas –Greece, Rome Peninsula –Trade brings new ideas –Surrounded by many ideas Africa, Middle East, Europe

8. Papal state fights with emperor –Italian cities expanded and developed independence Social Strife evolved cities into despotisms  Led to City States –Except Venice (merchant oligarchy)

9. New Italian States

10. Republic of Florence republican form of government –Conflict between four social groups –Ciompi Revolt Feuds between old and new rich Black death (social anarchy) Collapse of banking houses Medici family took control in mid 1400s –Cosimo de’ Medici oligarchy –patron of the arts

12. Despotism and Diplomacy –Ruled with Signoria Signoria  8 (10) men from powerful guilds –Impression of a relationship

13. Republic of Venice “serene republic” with rule by elders –approx. 70 years old Prosperity –overseas trade –ship-building Used money for art and buildings

15. Milan & Naples: Two principalities Milan (Duchy) –Visconti family –Aggressive military Kingdom of Naples –maintained a feudal government hereditary monarchy

16. Patronage Papal State –Wealth of church used for art –Julius II commissioned Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel –Vatican library Powerful families used artists to show their wealth

17. Italian States Class Conflict  Mostly in Florence –Class conflict AND fear of invasion Despotism –Definition: rule by one or a select few –Cause by politics and warfare Diplomacy Why/How was the Renaissance supported in Italy? –WEALTH