1. Foundations of the Renaissance

2. The Renaissance A period of time after the Middle Ages in European history where there was a revival of art and literature and Europe shifted from an agricultural society to an urban society.

3. Economic Effects of the Crusades Increased demand for Middle Eastern products Stimulated production of goods to trade in Middle East markets Encouraged the use of credit and banking

4. Changing Economic System As trade increased, so did the use of money But, the church had ruled that lending money and charging interest..called Usury... went against the Bible. So........

5. Changing Economic Systems So.... Banking houses formed. They allowed merchants to loan money to others and get paid back with interest. Which in turn helped to form a system of credit

6. Changing Economic Systems Credit Systems: Bankers provided letters of credit or bills of exchange that traders could carry with them and use as payment away from home. Allowed merchants to travel without money (which was dangerous)

7. The effects of credit Letters of credit expanded the supply of money and helped to advance trade It also helped to secularize- (move away from religion)- northern Italy.

8. The effects of credit New accounting and bookkeeping methods. Systems used arabic numerals for easier calculations Bookkeeping allowed merchants to work out profits and losses

9. Growth of Italian City-States

10. During the Renaissance, Italy was not a unified country but a collection of city- states. These city-states were independent of each other and governed as republics. They were ruled by a merchant class of wealthy and powerful families. Italian city-states

12. Florence, Venice, and Genoa Three specific city-states grew in wealth because of their important geographic locations. They were located on trade routes connecting Europe with the Middle East and North Africa. They were important distribution centers for goods to northern Europe.

14. Renaissance Art and Literature

15. Key Terms Humanism: a movement celebrating the glory and power of human beings as an important part of the world Classicism: a return to the ideals of Greece and Rome in intellectual thought, art, and architecture. Secularism: interest in the nonreligious world and the enjoyment of of worldy pleasures

16. Medieval art vs. Renaissance art Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation, while Renaissance art and literature focused on individuals and worldly matters, along with Christianity.

17. Medieval Art

18. Renaissance Art

22. Leonardo da Vinci “Renaissance Man” painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writercartographer botanist

23. Leonardo da Vinci Mona Lisa “La Gioconda” 1503-1506

24. Leonardo Da Vinci The Last Supper “L'Ultima Cena” 1495

25. Michelangelo David, 1501-04 The Sistine Chapel- painted 12,000sq. ft. between 1508-12

26. How to remember these people Teenaged Mutant Ninja Turtles are named after Renaissance Artists!

27. Petrarch Poet and Scholar Known as the “father of humanism”

28. Petrarch Wrote many sonnets, a type of poetry. In what bright realm, what sphere of radiant thought Did Nature find the model whence she drew That delicate dazzling image where we view Here on this earth what she in heaven wrought? What fountain-haunting nymph, what dryad, sought In groves, such golden tresses ever threw Upon the gust? What heart such virtues knew?— Though her chief virtue with my death is frought. He looks in vain for heavenly beauty, he Who never looked upon her perfect eyes, The vivid blue orbs turning brilliantly – He does not know how Love yields and denies; He only knows, who knows how sweetly she Can talk and laugh, the sweetness of her sighs. Sonnet 159

29. Machiavelli Italian who wrote a book on how to properly run a city-state “The Prince” – a book about political power He supported the absolute power of rulers “The end justifies the means” – do bad things if it gets what is necessary

31. Thomas More “Utopia” Mythical place Perfect society; peaceful

32. Erasmus Christian Humanist “In Praise of Folly” – a satire on Renaissance society Satire- to make fun of contemporary society

33. The Renaissance Spreads Spread North from Italy. Helped by: 1. Growing wealth in Northern Europe 2. Johannes Gutenberg’s Printing Press Northern Renaissance leaders merged Christianity with humanist ideas

34. First book printed was the Gutenberg Bible

35. Importance of Humanism Celebrated the Individual Increased the study of classical Greece and Rome Supported by wealthy patrons