1. Getting to Know Your Vehicle Unit 1

2. Vehicle Systems  Information Systems  Comfort & Control Systems  Visibility Systems  Safety Systems  Control Systems  Information Systems  Comfort & Control Systems  Visibility Systems  Safety Systems  Control Systems

3. Information Systems  Provide the driver valuable information about the vehicle.  Gauges  Warning lights (alert symbols)  Located behind the steering wheel on the vehicle’s instrument panel.  Provide the driver valuable information about the vehicle.  Gauges  Warning lights (alert symbols)  Located behind the steering wheel on the vehicle’s instrument panel.

4. Instrument Panel Speedometer Tachometer Odometer Fuel Gauge Temperature Oil Pressure Alternator charging system Speedometer Tachometer Odometer Fuel Gauge Temperature Oil Pressure Alternator charging system Location and description for all instruments and features can be found in the Vehicle Owner’s Manual

5. Instrument Panel Devices DeviceUsage Speedometer Shows speed in both miles per hour (MPH) and kilometers per hour (KPH). Odometer Keeps track of how far the vehicle has been driven. Driver cannot reset. Trip Meter Keeps track of how many miles the current trip is. Some drivers use to help calculate gas mileage. Driver can reset trip meter. Fuel Gauge Indicates amount of fuel remaining in vehicle’s tank. Usually, a warning light will come on when fuel is extremely low. Be sure you know how much fuel is remaining in the vehicle when the light comes on; it’s not the same for every vehicle. **Other gauges may be in your vehicle’s instrument panel. These may indicate engine temperature, oil pressure, or how many RPMs your engine is performing (tachometer).

6. Common Warning Light Symbols SymbolMeaning The alternator provides energy to run your car’s electrical systems and charge its battery. This symbol means the alternator is not working properly and your battery is not charging as it should. This symbol DOES NOT mean “low battery”. The vehicle is nearly out of fuel. Oil lubricates your engine’s moving parts and keeps them from grinding against each other. The oil pump the oil under pressure from the oil pan to the engine’s moving parts. This symbol means the oil pressure is low and oil is not getting where it needs to be. This symbol DOES NOT mean “low oil”. Driving with this warning light on will ruin your engine. There is a problem with your engine temperature. Almost always, this means your engine is getting too hot, or “overheating”. Seat belt reminder The vehicle’s parking brake is deployed. In some vehicles will have the word “BRAKE” above the symbol. In others, the symbol is not used, only “BRAKE”. The vehicle’s high-beam headlights are in use.

7. Common Warning Light Symbols SymbolMeaning The vehicle’s air bag has either been deployed or there is a problem with its sensor. In some cars, this symbol does not appear, only the words “AIR BAG”. When the driver slams on the brakes, an anti-lock braking system (ABS) allows the vehicle to stop suddenly without its wheels locking up, causing a skid. This symbol means the ABS system is in use. Some older vehicles are not equipped with ABS. These flashing symbols indicate that the vehicle’s left or right turn signal is on. There is a problem within your vehicle’s engine. This symbol could mean a number of different things. When this symbol appears and stays lit, the vehicle should be taken to a mechanic to determine the problem. 12 volt extension outlet. Located on the left side of the steering column, the lever is moved up to signal a movement to the right and down for a movement to the left. While the signal will cancel after a turn, the driver may have to cancel the signal manually after a slight turn. The signal is used to indicate a lane change by moving the lever halfway up or down with the thumb hooked on the steering wheel. Rear defroster. Alerts drivers, pedestrians, cyclists, that you are there. Always make sure you know where it is and it is working. Use a quick tap…don’t lean on the horn.

8. Alert Symbol Meaning This symbol indicates where the vehicle’s emergency flashers (hazard lights) are located. This symbol indicates that something is a safety alert. The symbol can be found many places in society, particularly in the vehicle’s owner’s manual. Symbol Meaning Hood release. This lever is usually located on the left side of the driver’s compartment under the instrument panel. In some vehicles it is located under or just to the right of the steering column. To open the hood, a second latch located under the hood of the vehicle must be released. Windshield wipers. This control is frequently located on the turn signal lever. Two switches are often involved, one that controls the speed of the wipers and a second that controls the washer fluid. Overdrive on/off indicator Fuse/Fuse Box O/D OFF Common Warning Light Symbols

9. Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) uses a dashboard warning light to alert the driver when one or more of a vehicle’s tires is significantly underinflated – a leading cause of tire failure A tire is considered significantly underinflated when its pressure is 25 percent below the vehicle manufacturer’s recommended tire inflation pressure Since September 1, 2007, all new vehicles have TPMS The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) uses a dashboard warning light to alert the driver when one or more of a vehicle’s tires is significantly underinflated – a leading cause of tire failure A tire is considered significantly underinflated when its pressure is 25 percent below the vehicle manufacturer’s recommended tire inflation pressure Since September 1, 2007, all new vehicles have TPMS

10. Visibility Systems Turn Signal Lever Located on left side of steering wheel Lift up for right turn, press down for left turn Lane change hold up or press down half way Hazard Flashers Located on steering column to the right or instrumental panel Windshield Wipers and Washer Control Part of turn signal lever in some vehicles Opposing lever on some vehicles Two controls: one for speed, one for washer fluid

11. Comfort & Control Systems  Devices that make the driver comfortable  Seat position controls  Steering wheel adjustment controls  Climate control  Heater, air conditioner, vents  Devices that make the driver comfortable  Seat position controls  Steering wheel adjustment controls  Climate control  Heater, air conditioner, vents

12. Convenience Systems Your vehicle may have all, some, or none of these or others: Trunk release Located in glove box, driver’s door, or keyless remote entry fob Inside trunk - safety release device glows in the dark for emergency trunk escape Fuel door release Can be a lever on floor to the left of the driver’s seat or may be located in the glove box Cruise Control Maintains vehicle at a steady speed while traveling Used when driving long distances DO NOT use during rain: increases risk of hydroplaning Power Windows/Locks Your vehicle may have all, some, or none of these or others: Trunk release Located in glove box, driver’s door, or keyless remote entry fob Inside trunk - safety release device glows in the dark for emergency trunk escape Fuel door release Can be a lever on floor to the left of the driver’s seat or may be located in the glove box Cruise Control Maintains vehicle at a steady speed while traveling Used when driving long distances DO NOT use during rain: increases risk of hydroplaning Power Windows/Locks

13. Visibility Systems  Seeing and being seen are critical to managing risk while driving.  Lights  Parking lights, fog lights, low-beams, and high-beams  Signal and taillights allow you to communicate with other drivers.  Interior lights (use sparingly while operating vehicle)  Windshield Wipers & Washer  Wipers have incremental settings.  During winter months, keep washer reservoir filled with washer fluid that does not freeze.  Seeing and being seen are critical to managing risk while driving.  Lights  Parking lights, fog lights, low-beams, and high-beams  Signal and taillights allow you to communicate with other drivers.  Interior lights (use sparingly while operating vehicle)  Windshield Wipers & Washer  Wipers have incremental settings.  During winter months, keep washer reservoir filled with washer fluid that does not freeze.

14. Visibility Systems Sun Visors Angle away from face for glare protection Defroster/Defogger Used to clear windows of fog Make ice easier to scrape during Winter Rearview and Side-View Mirrors Should shine out into your blind spots, not at the side of the vehicle Do not eliminate 100% of your blind spots Never rely on them for backing up; use them as an aide Horn Located on the steering wheel cross bar or on the pad on the lower half of the wheel, above or below the air bag cover, and usually marked with horn symbol Used as a warning device only Sun Visors Angle away from face for glare protection Defroster/Defogger Used to clear windows of fog Make ice easier to scrape during Winter Rearview and Side-View Mirrors Should shine out into your blind spots, not at the side of the vehicle Do not eliminate 100% of your blind spots Never rely on them for backing up; use them as an aide Horn Located on the steering wheel cross bar or on the pad on the lower half of the wheel, above or below the air bag cover, and usually marked with horn symbol Used as a warning device only

15. Visibility System Headlights / Running Lights/Tail Lights Controlled usually by a knob or switch located on the left of the dash or a lever on the steering column Low to high beam pull toward you or push away On/Off: twist lever away or toward you to proper setting Headlights / Running Lights/Tail Lights Controlled usually by a knob or switch located on the left of the dash or a lever on the steering column Low to high beam pull toward you or push away On/Off: twist lever away or toward you to proper setting

16. Safety Systems  Seat Belts  Everyone in the front seat; everyone under 18  Air Bags  Deploy in less than 1sec  Head Restraints  To protect against whiplash, the top of the restraint should be even with the top of your ear  Door locks  Some vehicles have child safety locks, which prevent back seat doors from opening from the inside.  Seat Belts  Everyone in the front seat; everyone under 18  Air Bags  Deploy in less than 1sec  Head Restraints  To protect against whiplash, the top of the restraint should be even with the top of your ear  Door locks  Some vehicles have child safety locks, which prevent back seat doors from opening from the inside.

17. Vehicle Devices Backup Camera Activates when the vehicle is shifted to Reverse Helps drivers see the blind spot directly behind the bumper and beyond Global Positioning System Gives reliable location and time information anywhere on or near Earth when there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites

18. Control Systems  Steering Wheel  Ignition  Gear Selector (Automatic) or Gearshift (Manual)  Accelerator (gas pedal)  Clutch (Manual only)  Brake pedal  Parking Brake  Used to keep vehicle from rolling when parked ;will not stop your car by itself.  Steering Wheel  Ignition  Gear Selector (Automatic) or Gearshift (Manual)  Accelerator (gas pedal)  Clutch (Manual only)  Brake pedal  Parking Brake  Used to keep vehicle from rolling when parked ;will not stop your car by itself.

19. Pre-Drive Tasks Unit 1

20. Before Entering the Vehicle Check around the outside of the vehicle for Broken glass (windows, lights, etc.), Body damage, Condition of tires, Fluid leaks, Direction of front tires, or Debris on the ground that could interfere with movement Pets/animals Sm all children or pets near vehicle. Check around the outside of the vehicle for Broken glass (windows, lights, etc.), Body damage, Condition of tires, Fluid leaks, Direction of front tires, or Debris on the ground that could interfere with movement Pets/animals Sm all children or pets near vehicle.

21. Entering the Vehicle  Key in Hand – Unlock Doors  Store personal items in the trunk  prevents theft and movement of unsecured items  Control Door Swing  Enter vehicle  Check passengers for safe entry  Lock Doors  Insert Key into ignition  Key in Hand – Unlock Doors  Store personal items in the trunk  prevents theft and movement of unsecured items  Control Door Swing  Enter vehicle  Check passengers for safe entry  Lock Doors  Insert Key into ignition

22. Entering the Vehicle  How should a driver approach when:  Parked in a Parking Lot?  How should a driver approach when:  Parked in a Parking Lot?  Parked at a curb?

23. Fluid Leaks  Air conditioner runoff = small puddle; clear (water)  Radiator leak = noticeably large amount of water  Windshield washer fluid = blue (traditionally)  Transmission fluid = pink / red  Oil = brown / black  Brake fluid = yellow / brown  Antifreeze = green  Gasoline = rainbow (in light)  Air conditioner runoff = small puddle; clear (water)  Radiator leak = noticeably large amount of water  Windshield washer fluid = blue (traditionally)  Transmission fluid = pink / red  Oil = brown / black  Brake fluid = yellow / brown  Antifreeze = green  Gasoline = rainbow (in light)

24. Self-Check Check every 1-2 Months All interior and exterior lights Engine oil level, brake fluid level, and engine coolant level Lap/shoulder belts and seat latches for wear and smooth function Check Twice Per Year Air pressure in spare tire Power steering fluid level Parking brake for proper operation Hinges, latches, door weather strips, and outside locks (check and lubricate) Body & door drain holes (check & clean) Cooling system coolant strength Battery connections (clean if necessary) Transmission fluid level Professional Service Every 3,000-5,000 Miles Oil change/filter replacement Tire rotation/balance Every 15,000 Miles Automatic transmission fluid level Brake pads/shoes/rotors/drums, brake lines, hoses, and parking brake system Engine cooling system Steering linkage, suspension and, if equipped, drive shaft and ball joints Cabin air filter replacement, if equipped Every 30,000 Miles Exhaust system and heat shield Engine air filter /fuel filter replacement Accessory drive belts Automatic transmission/transaxle service, if equipped Under the Hood Checks

25. Adjusting Driver’s Seating Position  Adjust so heel can pivot smoothly between foot pedals  Allow at least 10” between steering wheel and driver’s chest  Top of head restraint should be even with top of ear  Adjust the seat back for driver’s visual needs and vehicle control  Adjust so heel can pivot smoothly between foot pedals  Allow at least 10” between steering wheel and driver’s chest  Top of head restraint should be even with top of ear  Adjust the seat back for driver’s visual needs and vehicle control

26. Accelerator & Bake Pedal Accelerator and Brake Pedals Position the right heel of foot on the floor so the ball of foot can pivot between pedals Accelerator is used to maintain, increase, and/or decrease speed Brake is used to slow or stop vehicle Which pedal do you think you will use most often? Accelerator and Brake Pedals Position the right heel of foot on the floor so the ball of foot can pivot between pedals Accelerator is used to maintain, increase, and/or decrease speed Brake is used to slow or stop vehicle Which pedal do you think you will use most often?

27. Adjusting the Vehicle for You  The Dead Pedal  Located on the floor board on the left side of driver’s compartment  Used to maintain driver balance and stability  Keeps left foot away from brakes and accelerator pedals  The Dead Pedal  Located on the floor board on the left side of driver’s compartment  Used to maintain driver balance and stability  Keeps left foot away from brakes and accelerator pedals

28. Adjusting the Vehicle for Your o Place back/shoulders against the back of the seat o Slightly bend knees o Rest right heel on floorboard between brake and accelerator o Sit high enough so top of steering wheel is between shoulders and chin o Use secured seat cushion if needed to raise seating height o Rest left foot on “dead pedal” o Place back/shoulders against the back of the seat o Slightly bend knees o Rest right heel on floorboard between brake and accelerator o Sit high enough so top of steering wheel is between shoulders and chin o Use secured seat cushion if needed to raise seating height o Rest left foot on “dead pedal”

29. Adjusting the Head Restraint A head restraint that’s too low or too far back will not protect your head and neck in a crash. The four images below illustrate a typical impact.

30. When Seated Properly, You Should See The ground within: 12–15 feet to the front. One and one-half to two car widths to the right side. One-half to one car width to the left side. The ground within: 12–15 feet to the front. One and one-half to two car widths to the right side. One-half to one car width to the left side.

31. Parking brake Small pedal located to the left of the driver or a hand-operated lever near the center console Used to hold vehicle in place when parked Can be used as an “emergency brake” Clutch pedal (Manual shift) Pedal located to the left of the brake Depress pedal to switch gears ease off clutch until friction point to smoothly engage engine Parking Brake & Clutch Pedal

32. Hand Position Correct Hand Position is 8 and 4

33. Why 8 and 4 Hand Position? Eliminates excessive steering Overcorrecting is the primary cause of young driver fatalities More stability control Protects forearms in the event of airbag deployment Reduces arm fatigue and back pain during long periods of driving Less wear on vehicle’s steering column Eliminates excessive steering Overcorrecting is the primary cause of young driver fatalities More stability control Protects forearms in the event of airbag deployment Reduces arm fatigue and back pain during long periods of driving Less wear on vehicle’s steering column

34. Types of Steering Hand to Hand Steering Hand Over Hand

35. Hand-Over-Hand Steering How is it done? Most of your parents probably use Issues Arms sometimes cross Sometimes, only one hand is gripping the wheel Forearms are directly in front of wheel, in danger of being broken if airbag deploys Steering is often jerky, rather than smooth How is it done? Most of your parents probably use Issues Arms sometimes cross Sometimes, only one hand is gripping the wheel Forearms are directly in front of wheel, in danger of being broken if airbag deploys Steering is often jerky, rather than smooth

36. Push-Pull-Slide Steering  How is it done?  Why use?  Reduces excessive steering  Reduces oversteering in emergency situations  Reduces chance of injury during frontal crashes because arms do not cross in front of the air bag  How is it done?  Why use?  Reduces excessive steering  Reduces oversteering in emergency situations  Reduces chance of injury during frontal crashes because arms do not cross in front of the air bag Push Pull Slide Steering Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pS 3ECPrplKo

37. Steering Control Amount of steering required to adjust path of travel varies among vehicles Slower speeds require faster steering wheel movement Faster speeds require slower steering movement Steer right – vehicle turns to the right Steer left – vehicle turns to the left Amount of steering required to adjust path of travel varies among vehicles Slower speeds require faster steering wheel movement Faster speeds require slower steering movement Steer right – vehicle turns to the right Steer left – vehicle turns to the left

38. Steering Errors  Research shows that a substantial percentage of crashes involving 16-year old drivers result from failure to make a quick turn or from improper evasive steering. Questions: What steering errors could drivers commit? What could be the results of such errors?  Research shows that a substantial percentage of crashes involving 16-year old drivers result from failure to make a quick turn or from improper evasive steering. Questions: What steering errors could drivers commit? What could be the results of such errors?

39. Click it or Ticket  Put on seat belt  Make sure all passengers are buckled in also.  It is the driver’s responsibility to ensure everyone is following the law.  If a passenger who should be buckled is found to be unbuckled, the driver gets the ticket. o Safety belts (seatbelts) are designed so the forces in a crash are absorbed by the strongest skeletal bones of the body: o hip bone (pelvis) o chest (sternum) o shoulder  Put on seat belt  Make sure all passengers are buckled in also.  It is the driver’s responsibility to ensure everyone is following the law.  If a passenger who should be buckled is found to be unbuckled, the driver gets the ticket. o Safety belts (seatbelts) are designed so the forces in a crash are absorbed by the strongest skeletal bones of the body: o hip bone (pelvis) o chest (sternum) o shoulder

40. Safety Belts o Sit with shoulders and lower back firmly against seat o Snug the lap belt secured across rib cage and bony pelvic area o Adjust shoulder belt height with movable anchors on pillars so the belt does not rub against your neck o Check passengers for proper fit o Sit with shoulders and lower back firmly against seat o Snug the lap belt secured across rib cage and bony pelvic area o Adjust shoulder belt height with movable anchors on pillars so the belt does not rub against your neck o Check passengers for proper fit

41. Child Safety Seats & Booster Seats Passengers younger than 12 are safer sitting in the rear seat All children under age 8 must be secured in a child safety seat or booster seat. Children from birth to 1 year ride facing the rear. Children age 1-7 ride facing forward in a child safety seat or booster seat ** The safest place to install a child safety seat is the center of the back seat. Passengers younger than 12 are safer sitting in the rear seat All children under age 8 must be secured in a child safety seat or booster seat. Children from birth to 1 year ride facing the rear. Children age 1-7 ride facing forward in a child safety seat or booster seat ** The safest place to install a child safety seat is the center of the back seat.

42. Adjusting Mirrors Rearview Mirror Should frame back window, not look into backseat Adjust each side mirror until you can barely see the side of your vehicle, so you maximize the view of the lane next to your vehicle Side View Mirrors Should shine out into blind spots, not at vehicle’s side. BGE mirror settings Driver‘s Side Place your head against the driver’s side window and adjust the driver’s side mirror so you can barely see the driver’s side of your car. Passenger Side Move your head as close to the center of the car as possible and adjust the passenger’s side mirror so you can barely see the passenger’s side of your car. Rearview Mirror Should frame back window, not look into backseat Adjust each side mirror until you can barely see the side of your vehicle, so you maximize the view of the lane next to your vehicle Side View Mirrors Should shine out into blind spots, not at vehicle’s side. BGE mirror settings Driver‘s Side Place your head against the driver’s side window and adjust the driver’s side mirror so you can barely see the driver’s side of your car. Passenger Side Move your head as close to the center of the car as possible and adjust the passenger’s side mirror so you can barely see the passenger’s side of your car.

43. Advantages of BGE Setting  Visible space in the mirror doesn’t overlap  More space can be seen without turning your head  Allows you to monitor the adjacent lane  Blind spots are made smaller  Only need a quick glance into blind spot  Greatly reduces glare from headlights of following vehicles  Visible space in the mirror doesn’t overlap  More space can be seen without turning your head  Allows you to monitor the adjacent lane  Blind spots are made smaller  Only need a quick glance into blind spot  Greatly reduces glare from headlights of following vehicles

44. Traditional Mirror Settings Right Side Mirror View Left Side Mirror View Rear Mirror View

45. Right Side Mirror View Left Side Mirror View 15º BGE Settings

46. Blind Glare Elimination Setting The BGE enhanced side mirror settings (15 degrees to outside) eliminates right and left side mirror blind areas The BGE enhanced side mirror settings (15 degrees to outside) eliminates right and left side mirror blind areas ENHANCED LEFT SIDE MIRROR VIEW ENHANCED RIGHT SIDE MIRROR VIEW REAR MIRROR VIEW

47. Checking Warning Lights  Turn key in ignition to ON. (Do not start car.)  All lights on instrument panel should light up.  Turn ignition to START.  Check warning lights and gauges  If a warning light stays on, there’s a problem.  Turn key in ignition to ON. (Do not start car.)  All lights on instrument panel should light up.  Turn ignition to START.  Check warning lights and gauges  If a warning light stays on, there’s a problem.

48. Ignition Switch

49. Ignition Switch or Remote Located on the dashboard Off/Accessories/On/Start Cruise/Speed Control Located on steering wheel, dash, or lever to the right of the wheel Allows vehicle to maintain constant speed and should be used only on dry pavement Ignition Switch & Cruise Control

50. Starting Tasks: Final Steps  Adjust climate control.  Put your foot on the brake.  Check parking brake: ensure that it’s off.  Either hand brake or foot brake  Put vehicle in gear.  Adjust climate control.  Put your foot on the brake.  Check parking brake: ensure that it’s off.  Either hand brake or foot brake  Put vehicle in gear.

51. Automatic Transmission Vehicle changes gears on its own when it needs to P: Park R: Reverse N: Neutral D: Drive 2: Low gear (stronger engine braking) 1: Lowest gear (Maximum engine braking) Vehicle changes gears on its own when it needs to P: Park R: Reverse N: Neutral D: Drive 2: Low gear (stronger engine braking) 1: Lowest gear (Maximum engine braking)

52. Manual Transmission  Driver changes gears for the vehicle.  Shifting patterns vary from vehicle to vehicle.  1: lowest gear  R: Reverse  Driver changes gears for the vehicle.  Shifting patterns vary from vehicle to vehicle.  1: lowest gear  R: Reverse