2. Unit 15 Great minds “Great minds think alike!”

3.  Lead-in Activity  Warm-up  Listening Task  Real World Listening  Interaction Link  Useful Expressions  Additional Listening  Homework Argument

4. Lead-in Activity Look at the pictures : who are they?

5. Part I Warm-up

6. Language Points  awe n. 敬畏  contemplate v. 沉思；思忖  disastrous a. 灾难性的；导致灾难的  fanatic n. （宗教等的） 盲信者，狂热者  tyrant n. 暴君；专制君主  connote v. 意味著；暗示  err v. 犯错误；做错事  fireproof a. 防火的；耐火的  go up 燃烧；烧毁  debris n. ( 破坏物的 ) 残骸，碎片  phonograph n. 留声机  wayward adj. 难以控制的；反复无常的  anguish n. 极度的痛苦， 苦闷  ecstasy n. 狂喜；陶醉  unfathomable a. 深不可测的，无底的  abyss n. 深渊，无底洞  alleviate v. 减轻，缓和

7. The following quotations are famous remarks by Albert Einstein, Bertrand Russell, Mahatma Gandhi, and Thomas Edison. Write the missing words, phrases and expressions. Warm up

8. give in the same measure as I have received independent thought truth and love have always won how close they were to success freedom precious comprehend passive acceptance wiser people disastrous curiosity 1. Every day I remind myself that my inner and outer life are based on the labors of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to _____________________________________________ and am still receiving. 2. The important thing is not to stop questioning. __________ has its own reason for existing. One cannot help but be in awe when he contemplates the mysteries of eternity, of life, of the marvelous structure of reality. It is enough if one tries merely to ____________ a little of this mystery every day. Never lose a holy curiosity.

9. Warm up give in the same measure as I have received independent thought truth and love have always won how close they were to success freedom precious comprehend passive acceptance wiser people disastrous curiosity 3. ____________________ of the teacher’s wisdom is easy to most boys and girls. It involves no effort of __________________________, and seems rational because the teacher knows more than his pupils; it is moreover the way to win the favor of the teacher unless he is a very exceptional men. Yet the habit of passive acceptance is a ____________ one in later life. It causes man to seek and to accept a leader, and to accept as a leader whoever is established in that position. 4. The whole problem with the world is that fools and fanatics are always so certain of themselves, but ______________ so full of doubts.

10. Warm up give in the same measure as I have received independent thought truth and love have always won how close they were to success freedom precious comprehend passive acceptance wiser people disastrous curiosity 5. When I despair, I remember that all through history the ways of ________________________________. There have been tyrants, and murderers, and for a time they can seem incapable of being conquered, but in the end they always fall. Think of it – always. 6. _________is not worth having if it does not connote freedom to err and even to sin. It passes my comprehension how human beings, be they ever so experienced and able, can delight in depriving other human beings of that __________ right. 7. Many of life’s failures are people who did not realize ___________ _______________________________ when they gave up.

11. Warm up give in the same measure as I have received independent thought truth and love have always won how close they were to success freedom precious comprehend passive acceptance wiser people disastrous curiosity 1. Every day I remind myself that my inner and outer life are based on the laburs of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to _____________________________________________ and am still receiving. 2. The important thing is not to stop questioning. __________ has its own reason for existing. One cannot help but be in awe when he contemplates the mysteries of eternity, of life, of the marvelous structure of reality. It is enough of one tries merely to ____________ a little of this mystery every day. Never lose a holy curiosity. give in the same measure as I have received curiosity comprehend

12. Warm up give in the same measure as I have received independent thought truth and love have always won how close they were to success freedom precious comprehend passive acceptance wiser people disastrous curiosity 3. ____________________ of the teacher’s wisdom is easy to most boys and girls. It involves no effort of __________________________, and seems rational because the teacher knows more than his pupils; it is moreover the way to win the favor of the teacher unless he is a very exceptional men. Yet the habit of passive acceptance is a ____________ one in later life. It causes man to seek and to accept a leader, and to accept as a leader whoever is established in that position. 4. The whole problem with the world is that fools and fanatics are always so certain of themselves, but ______________ so full of doubts. Passive acceptance independent thought disastrous wiser people

13. Warm up give in the same measure as I have received independent thought truth and love have always won how close they were to success freedom precious comprehend passive acceptance wiser people disastrous curiosity 5. When I despair, I remember that all through history the ways of ________________________________. There have been tyrants, and murderers, and for a time they can seem incapable of being conquered, but in the end they always fall. Think of it – always. 6. _________is not worth having if it does not connote freedom to err and even to sin. It passes my comprehension how human beings, be they ever so experienced and able, can delight in depriving other human beings of that __________ right. 7. Many of life’s failures are people who did not realize ___________ _______________________________ when they gave up. truth and love have always won Freedom precious how close they were to success

14. Warm up What do you think makes people different from each other? Physical appearance or the way they think? Oral Preview: How do you express the following ideas in idiomatic English? Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have __________ （左右着） my life: the ___________ _________ （对爱的渴望）, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course over a deep ocean of anguish, _____________________________ _____________ （直达绝望的边缘）. governedlonging for love reaching to the very verge of despair

15. I have sought love, first, because it ________________ ( 带来狂喜 )---ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of my life for a few hours for this joy. I have sought it, next, because it ______________________ （驱赶孤独） --- that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the ____________________________________________ （圣 哲诗人所想象的天国）. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what –-- at last –-- I have found. Warm up brings ecstasy relieves loneliness heaven that saints and poets have imagined

16. Part II Listening Task

17. Listening task 1 Look at the pictures. What do you think they will talk about?

18. First Listening What happened to Edison’s laboratory in December, 1914? Edison received $ 2 million insurance after his lab was destroyed in 1914. Edison’s laboratory was virtually destroyed by fire in December, 1914. Edison managed to deliver his first phonograph just before his lab was destroyed by fire. √

19. Second Listening Check the true details by completing the following sentences or paragraphs.

20. Second Listening 1. Much of Edison’s life’s work went up in ____________________________________________. 2. At the height of the fire, Edison’s 24-year-old son, Charles, ____________________________________ among the smoke and debris. 3. Edison looked at the ruins and said, “ ___________ ____________________________. All our mistakes burned up. Thank God we can start anew.” 4. Three weeks after the fire, Edison managed to ____________________________________________. spectacular flames that December night. anxiously searched for his father There is great value in disaster deliver his first phonograph

21. Third Listening Retell the story about Edison according to what you will hear.

22. Script Thomas Edison’s laboratory was entirely destroyed by fire in December, 1914. although the damage exceeded $ 2 million, the buildings were insured for $ 238,000 because they were made of concrete and thought to be fireproof. Much of Edison’s life’s work went up in spectacular flames that December night. At the height of the fire, Edison’s 24-year-old son, Charles, anxiously searched for his father among the smoke and debris. He finally found him, calmly watching the scene, his face glowing in the reflection, his white hair blowing in the wind.

23. Script “my heart ached for him,” said Charles. “He was 67 – no longer a young man – and everything was gone up in flames. When he saw me, he shouted, ‘Charles, where’s your mother?’ when I told him I didn’t know, he said, “Find her. Bring her here. she will never see anything like this as long as she lives.’” The next morning, Edison looked at the debris and said, “There is great value in disaster. All our mistakes burned up. Thank God we can start anew.” Three weeks after the fire, Edison managed to deliver his first phonograph.

24. Listening task 2 Look at the pictures. What do you think it will talk about?

25. First listening What are the three passions governing the speaker’s life? The longing for love. The search for knowledge. The unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind √ √ √

26. Second listening Check the true details by completing the following sentences or paragraphs.

27. Second listening 1. I have sought love, ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿ --- ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of my life for a few hours for this joy. I have sought it, ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ --- that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what –-- at last--- I have found.

28. Second listening 2. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens, but always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, ＿＿＿＿＿ tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.

29. Second listening 1. I have sought love, ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ --- ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of my life for a few hours for this joy. I have sought it, ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ --- that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what --– at last --– I have found. first, because it brings ecstasy next, because it relieves loneliness finally, because in the union of love the heaven that saints and poets have imagined

30. Second listening 2. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens, but always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, ＿＿＿＿＿ tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer. Love and knowledge cries of pain victims the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain

31. Third listening Why did Russell seek love?

32. Script Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair. I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy--- ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of my life for a few hours for this joy. I have sought it, next, because it believes loneliness --- that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it,

33. Script finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what –-- at last –-- I have found. With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine … A little of this, but not much, I have achieved. Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens, but always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims

34. Script tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer. This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered to me.

35. Part III Real World Listening

36. Prepare Governments and dignitaries from all over the world paid respect to Mahatma Gandhi who led his country to freedom. Albert Einstein said in praise: “Generations to come will scarce believe that such a one as this ever in flesh and blood walked upon this earth.” after Gandhi was sent to prison by the British government, Margaret White, the famous woman journalist from Life magazine, interviewed him. Look at the pictures. What was Gandhi’s prison life like?

37. Prepare Prison is rather agreeable to him. Jinnah has cooperated with the British. It is hard for Gandhi to bear that even in prison. It costs British government a lot to keep Gandhi in poverty in prison. √ √ √

38. Get the main idea What is Gandhi’s opinion on violence and nonviolence? There may be more than one correct answer. Poverty is the worst form of violence. Nonviolence is a constructive program to India’s agony. There are defeats and great pain when we use nonviolence solution. We should be prepared to die like a soldier when we use nonviolence solution. √ √ √ √

39. Respond to the ideas 1. Prison, in a certain sense, means deprivation of a person’s freedom. What do you think sustained Gandhi when he lost his freedom? 2. Make comments on Gandhi’s solution of “using nonviolence against violence”. Is it an effective and reliable model in today’s political affairs?

40. Script Gandhi: yes. I have heard of Life magazine. I’ve heard of Margaret Bourke-White. But I don’t know why she should be interested in an old man sitting alone in prison while the rest of the world is blowing itself to pieces. Margaret: well, you’re the only man I know who makes his own clothes. Gandhi : Ah. But for me, that is not much of an accomplishment. Prison is rather agreeable to me. And there is no doubt that after the war independence will come. My only worry is what shape it will take. Jinnah has… Margaret : Jinnah has what? Gandhi : Ahh. Jinnah has cooperated with the British. It has given him power and the freedom to speak. And he

41. Script has filled the Muslims with fears of what will happen to them in a country that is predominantly Hindu. And that I find hard to bear even in prison. Margaret: it’s very hard for me to see nonviolence as a solution to the 20th century’s problems. Gandhi: I have friends who keep telling me how much it costs them to keep me in poverty. Poverty is the worst form of violence. And a constructive program is the only nonviolent solution to India’s agony. It will not necessarily be progress for India if she simply imports the unhappiness of the West. Margaret : But do you really believe you could use nonviolence against someone like Hitler? Gandhi : Not without defeats and great pain. But are there no defeats in this war? No pain? What you cannot do is to accept injustice from Hitler or anyone. You must make the injustice visible. Be prepared to die like a soldier to do so.

42. Part IV Interaction Link

43. Interaction link 1. Read the following quotations from some great people. Read between the lines and try to summarize each of them using one word.

44. Interaction link Quotations and authors Me My partner 1.Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm. -- Sir Winston Churchill 2. Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. -- Thomas Alva Edison 3. Great spirits have always encountered violent opposition from mediocre minds. -- Albert Einstein 4. But man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated. -- Ernest Hemingway 5. They may torture my body, break my bones, even kill me – then they will have my dead body, not my obedience. -- Mahatma Gandhi 6. Every right implies a responsibility; Every opportunity, and obligation; Every possession, a duty. -- John D. Rockefeller

45. Interaction link 2. Ask a partner and discuss your opinions.

46. Part V Useful Expressions

47.  三种简单却又强烈的情感，主宰了我的一生。  Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life.  在那个十二月的晚上爱迪生一生中的大部分工作在壮观的大火中化为乌有。  Much of Edison’s life’s work went up in spectacular flames that December night.  感谢上帝我们可以重新开始。  Thank God we can start anew.  带着同样的激情我寻求知识。  With equal passion I have sought knowledge.  我渴望减轻世间罪恶，可是难以做到，而且深受其害。  I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.  我在这里的监狱相当惬意。  Prison is rather agreeable to me.  贫穷是最糟的暴力。  Poverty is the worst form of violence.

48. Part VI Additional Listening

49.  Why was Einstein so clever?  Was there something special about his brain?  In fact scientists have examined Einstein’s brain very thoroughly and found that the part of the brain that has to do with visual imaging and mathematical thinking was in fact enlarged. However, this does not altogether account for his greatness.  There were other factors that helped nurture this genius. Einstein had a very supportive and encouraging environment in which to grow up. His parents allowed him to develop his curiosity. His mother taught him to play the violin and he played it

50. Additional Listening  very well. His uncle also encouraged him enormously. Einstein, you know, was not very interested in school and would much prefer to think things out for himself.  Do you know he even failed at his first attempt to get into a prestigious school in Switzerland? He was born in Germany in a town called Wurm on the 14th of March 1879. But his family moved to Switzerland when he was 16 years old. Do you know what subject caused him to fail? Yes, you guessed it --- English! He didn't give up though, and studied hard and tried again, and was accepted the next year. Even at university he sometime missed classes because he had too much on his mind and could not tear himself away.

51. Additional Listening  Fortunately, he had a good friend who took notes for him.  Einstein always looked at problems from every angle and was convinced that there is a unifying cause that relates everything together.  Of course he is most famous for his theory of relativity. Everyone knows the equation E=mc2. You can look in the science section for an explanation for this. Einstein liked to use the example of a tall building to explain the understanding behind this equation. Imagine you are in an infinitely tall building and you are coming down inside it in an elevator. You don’t realize you are falling because you are doing

52. Additional Listening  everything you can normally do --- you can bend over, bounce a ball, talk and so on. You won’t worry about crashing because, remember, the building is infinite. Of course, people outside will be able to see you falling! You won’t worry about that --- in fact you may think that those people are flying up as you are going down! It all depends on your point of view and its all relative to where you are and how fast you are going! Einstein was also passionately interested in peace and could not live in his homeland after the rise of Hitler. He lived in the United States but traveled extensively around the world. He was always able to reach out to children and loved to answer their

53. Additional Listening  questions. He believed that we should share our talents and resources to make our world better. He was passionate about social justice and social responsibilities and said that he wanted his life to be guided by Kindness, Beauty and Truth.  One of his last acts was to allow his name to be added to a manifesto urging all nations to give up nuclear weapons. He died in Princeton, New Jersey, on April 18th 1955. Before he died he stated that he would allow his brain to be preserved for science.  Einstein’s theories are still valid today. For the last 30 years of his life he was working on the Unified Field Theory. He was not able to prove this in his lifetime

54.  and in fact although great advances have been made in this area of Physics it is still not proven. Perhaps you can help to lead us to the answer! Additional Listening

55. Part VII Homework Argument

56. What do you think we can learn from these great minds?

57. Expressions for reference  remind  exert  curiosity  independent thought  strong will  perseverance  long for  accomplishment  determination  devotion