1. Reflection 1/4 - Describe what you think causes air pollution. 1/5 – Describe your reaction to what you learned about the pollution in China. 1/6 – Describe what causes air pollution. 1/7 – Describe the effects of acid rain.

4. Pollutant – Substance that contaminats the environment – air, land or water!!! Air Pollution - Any visible or invisible particle or gas found in the air that is not part of the original, normal composition.

5. Natural: forest fires, pollen, dust storm Unnatural: man-made; coal, wood and other fuels used in cars, homes, and factories for energy

6. 5 M a j o r P o l l u t a n t s : 1.. ) C a r b o n M o n o x i d e 2. ) S u l f u r D i o x i d e 3. ) N i t r o g e n D i o x i d e 4. ) P a r t i c u l a t e M a t t e r 5. ) G r o u n d L e v e l O z o n e

7. Carbon Monoxide colorless, odorless produced when carbon does not burn in fossil fuels present in car exhaust deprives body of O2 causing headaches, fatigue, and impaired vision

8. Sulfur Dioxide produced when coal and fuel oil are burned present in power plant exhaust narrows the airway, causing wheezing and shortness of breath, especially in those with asthma

9. Nitrogen Dioxide reddish, brown gas produced when nitric oxide combines with oxygen in the atmosphere present in car exhaust and power plants affects lungs and causes wheezing; increases chance of respiratory infection

10. Particulate Matter particles of different sizes and structures that are released into the atmosphere present in many sources including fossil fuels, dust, smoke, fog, etc. can build up in respiratory system aggravates heart and lung disease; increases risk of respiratory infection

11. Ground Level Ozone at upper level, ozone shields Earth from sun ’ s harmful UV rays at ground level, ozone is harmful pollutants formed from car, power and chemical plant exhaust irritate respiratory system and asthma; reduces lung function by inflaming and damaging lining of lungs

14. Combination of gases with water vapor and dust Combination of words smoke and fog Forms when heat and sunlight react gases (photochemical smog) Occurs often with heavy traffic, high temperatures, and calm winds

15. 1 st smog related deaths were in London in 1873; death toll 500 people; can you imagine how much worse the atmosphere is now?! Limits visibility Decreases UV radiation Yellow/black color over cities Causes respiratory problems and bronchial related deaths

17. AQI: Air Quality Index Indicates whether pollutant levels in air may cause health concerns. Ranges from 0 (least concern) to 500 (greatest concern)

18. Air QualityAir Quality IndexProtect Your Health Good0-50No health impacts are expected when air quality is in this range. Moderate51-100Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting prolonged outdoor exertion. Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups 101-150Active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion. Unhealthy 151-200 Active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion, everyone else, especially children should limit prolonged outdoor excertion. Very Unhealthy (Alert)201-300Active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion everyone else, especially children, should limit outdoor exertion.

22. Acid Rain Acid rain is basically rain that has a pH of 5.6 or less.

23. Causes of Acid Rain Burning coal. Oil and natural gas in power stations makes electricity, giving off sulphur dioxide gas. Burning petrol and oil in vehicle engines gives off nitrogen oxides as gases. These gases mix with water vapour and rainwater in the atmosphere producing weak solutions of sulphuric and nitric acids – which fall as acid rain.

24. The Problem! People probably couldn't live without electricity! Therefore coal will continue to be burnt. Also, electricity and energy are constantly being overused. Think of it this way: every time you turn on a light switch or the television set without really needing to, you're indirectly contributing to the acid rain problem.

25. More problems!!! Acid rain can travel long distances. Often it doesn’t fall where the gas is produced. High chimneys disperse (spread) the gases and winds blow them great distances before they dissolve and fall to Earth as rain. Eg gases produced in England and Western Europe can result in acid rain in Scotland and Scandinavia.

26. How Acid Rain Affects The Environment Acid rain washes nutrients from the soil which leads to death of the plant. Trees The needles and leaves of the trees turn brown and fall off. Trees can also suffer from stunted growth; and have damaged bark and leaves, which makes them vulnerable to weather, disease, and insects.

27. All of this happens partly because of direct contact between trees and acid rain, but it also happens when trees absorb soil that has come into contact with acid rain. The soil poisons the tree with toxic substances that the rain has deposited into it.

28. Lakes are also damaged by acid rain. Fish die off, and that removes the main source of food for birds. Acid rain can even kill fish before they are born when the eggs are laid and come into contact with the acid. Fish usually die only when the acid level of a lake is high; when the acid level is lower, they can become sick, suffer stunted growth, or lose their ability to reproduce. Also, birds can die from eating "toxic" fish and insects.

29. Buildings Acid rain dissolves the stonework and mortar of buildings (especially those made out of sandstone or limestone). It reacts with the minerals in the stone to form a powdery substance that can be washed away by rain.

30. Transport Currently, both the railway industry and the aeroplane industry are having to spend a lot of money to repair the corrosive damage done by acid rain. Also, bridges have collapsed in the past due to acid rain corrosion.

31. Humans Humans can become seriously ill, and can even die from the effects of acid rain. One of the major problems that acid rain can cause in a human being is respiratory problems. Many can find it difficult to breathe, especially people who have asthma. Asthma, along with dry coughs, headaches, and throat irritations can be caused by the sulphur dioxides and nitrogen oxides from acid rain.

32. Acid rain can be absorbed by both plants (through soil and/or direct contact) and animals (from things they eat and/or direct contact). When humans eat these plants or animals, the toxins inside of their meals can affect them. Brain damage, kidney problems, and Alzheimer's disease has been linked to people eating "toxic" animals/plants.

33. Research carried out in North America in 1982, revealed that sulphur pollution killed 51,000 people and about 200,000 people become ill as a result of the pollution.

34. What are the solutions to acid rain?

35. Solutions 1. Sulphur dioxide can be removed from power stations chimneys but this process is expensive. 2. Reduce the amount of electricity we use - turn tv’s off at the mains, don’t leave on standby. - turn off lights when a room is not in use. 3. Use renewable energy like wind power, solar panels, tidal power, HEP schemes and geothermal energy. 4. Fit catalytic converters to vehicle exhausts which remove the nitrogen oxides. 5. Limit the number of vehicles on the roads and increase public transport.

36. The 3 R’s RECYCLE, REDUCE, & REUSE!!!!!!!!

42. Ride your bike Tell your friends and family about pollution Make sure your parents get pollution checks on their cars Ride the school bus

43. Learn more; stay up to date Join a group to stop pollution Encourage your parents to carpool to work Switch off lights, fan, heat, etc. when you leave the room

45. Insel, Paul M. and Roth, Walton T. Core Concepts in Health: 9 th edition. McGraw Hill: Boston, 2002. http://edugreen.teri.in/explore/air.htm http://www.oneworld.net/penguin/pollution/pollution_home.htmlhttp://www.oneworld.net/penguin/pollution/pollution_home.html http://www.rcc.org/oem/aqindex.html http://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/air/monops/lessoms/mathlesson.h tml