1. Rise of Japan, Second Sino- Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War 1927-1949 Savanna Shaffer Craig Miller

2. The Northern Expedition 1926-1928 Chiang Kai-shek went into Northern territory to unite China. The peasants in these areas found the KMT to be more stable than the warlords that ruled the Northern Territory. The other goal of the Northern Expedition was to stop the spread of Communism.

3. Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928 Outlawed war (unless self defense). Aftermath of WWI, the world did not want to engage in any other wars. This was shortly proved useless.

4. Commission of Enquiry to East and Southeast Asia Sept. 1929, a main export of Asia was opium, and it was having major consequences in Europe, opium dens were very popular, as they had been for a century. To resolve this long standing issue, the League of Nations dispatched members to investigate China’s opium problem.

5. Mukden Incident 1930 China and Japan both wanted Manchuria Japan staged a bomb on the Manchurian railway in “self defense” By 1932 the Japanese had taken over and renamed the territory “Manchukuo”

6. The Long March 1930-1934 Between 1930 to 1934 nationalists, under Chiang Kai-shek, declared their distrust and dislike of Communists. Mao retaliated by using Guerilla warfare against the KMT. October 1934 - October 1935, the Communists marched 6,000 miles. The Communists and the Nationalists engaged in battle, an estimated 80,000 soldiers, soldiers of the Red Army escaped and headed north. Only an approximated 8,000-9,000 survived. This is the central event in establishing Mao’s Communist regime. It is looked at by historians as one of Mao’s major successes.

7. Lytton Report 1932 China appeals to League of Nations because of the Japanese take over of Manchuria. China forms a commission to find facts about the incident in Manchuria, headed by Robert Lytton. The report stated that China should be given back Manchuria. Japan disagreed so left the League in 1933. The League was shown to be ineffective.

8. Japan bombed Shanghai 1932 This showed further Japanese aggression.

9. Sian (Xian) Incident 1936 Chiang Kai-shek was captured by Manchurian warlord, Zhang Xueliang. Chiang’s captor and general Yang Hucheng opposed Chiang’s policy of non-resistance towards Japan. Zhou Enlai went to Sian to represent the CCP. Chiang, due to his state of imprisonment, agreed to set aside his hatred for Communists and set up a united front and allowed the CCP to join.

10. United Front Against Japan 1937 The United front was the CCP’s idea of how to deal with the threat of Japan. Chiang Kai-shek was initially ignorant to the public opinion and spent all his resources to deal with the Communist issue. The USSR also got on board with the CCP. There were negotiations between Chiang and the CCP for a united front. The forces banded together to form a United Front and defeat Japan!

11. Marco Polo Bridge Incident 1937 This event marked the official start of WWII in Asia.

12. USSR – Chinese (ROC) Non- aggression Pact 1937 – signed. This event scared the United States.

13. Rape of Nanking (Massacre at Nanking) 1937 Japanese butcher, murder and rape thousands at Nanking, leaving Nanking one massive gravesite. Chiang moved his government west, eventually settling in Chungking.

14. Hundred Regiments Offensive August-December 1940 This was a campaign led by the Chinese Communist’s National Revolutionary Army against the Imperial Japanese Army in China.

15. Attack on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese resulted in American involvement in WWII.

16. Agrarian Reform Law 1947 Mao Zedong mandated that land and most property be confiscated from landowners; in a few months 100,000 peasants gained land.

17. Atomic Bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki August 6-9 1945 These two events are the only two events that used nuclear warfare today. This contributed to the totality of WWII. These events combined had over 200,000 casualties.

18. The People’s Republic of China Oct. 1, 1949 December 1949 Mao declares the starts of the People’s Republic of China. Chiang and KMT move to Taiwan.

19. Battle of Huai-Hai November 6, 1848- January 10, 1949 CCP Victory The Battle of Huai-Hai was one of the most controversial battles of the Chinese Civil War. The victory for the Communist’s is regarded by many historians as one of their most significant victories.

20. Marshall Attempt at Peace 1947 The United Front would end after the Japanese surrendered and the Chinese Civil War would reconvene. President Truman of the United States sent the Chief of Staff of the Army, George Marshall, to China to promote peace. Marshall tried to broker a coalition between Mao and Chiang Kai-shek, threatening to cease American aid to the nationalists if a peace accord wasn't reached. Marshall's attempts failed and the civil war merely escalated.

21. The American Retreat 1947 The American government had been supporting the Nationalist government, a summation of 200 million dollars worth of aid since 1945, but noticed that the Guomindang lost all of their energy and lost the ability to fight. In1947, America cut of all the aid to Chiang Kaishek, weakening his position even further.