1. European Space Weather Week, 5 November 2012 EU space weather research in FP7 and in the future Networking the Community, Strengthening the RTD, preparing for services Marco Malacarne, Acting Director Aerospace, Maritime, Security and Defence Industries European Commission Credit: MAARBLE Consortium

2. 364 BC - Earliest recorded observation of sunspots made by Chinese astronomer Gan De Chinese Tang Dynasty (635 AD) astronomers observed the solar wind: Book of Jin (635 AD) states: "In general, when a comet appears in the morning, its tail points towards the west, and when it appears in the evening, its tail points towards the east. This is a constant rule. If the comet is north or south of the Sun, its tail always points following the same direction as the light radiating from the Sun." Space Weather? Credit: ESA

3. Content Why Europe is interested in Space Weather The current situation The future, gaps to address together

4. Why? Why Europe is interested in Space Weather Increasing dependency on technologies susceptible to disturbances caused by Space WeatherIncreasing dependency on technologies susceptible to disturbances caused by Space Weather Protect Europe’s own satellite systems: Galileo, GMESProtect Europe’s own satellite systems: Galileo, GMES Protect other private and governmental satellites (communication, broadcasting, weather, intelligence)Protect other private and governmental satellites (communication, broadcasting, weather, intelligence) Severe space weather poses significant threats to ground systems, technologies and servicesSevere space weather poses significant threats to ground systems, technologies and services Europe expected to contribute to a global effortEurope expected to contribute to a global effort

5. Current situationEurope EU: funding of space weather research since 2008EU: funding of space weather research since 2008 To date 19 projects – 34.5 M€ EU FP7 funding from the space theme To date 19 projects – 34.5 M€ EU FP7 funding from the space theme Additional funding from research infrastructures and Galileo Additional funding from research infrastructures and Galileo JRC: impact of space weather on critical infrastructures JRC: impact of space weather on critical infrastructures ESA: activities in the SSA preparatory programme and other programmesESA: activities in the SSA preparatory programme and other programmes Studies and preparation of SW pre-cursor services Studies and preparation of SW pre-cursor services Increased awareness amongst owners and operators of infrastructures affected by space weather (grids, telecom…)Increased awareness amongst owners and operators of infrastructures affected by space weather (grids, telecom…) Today, EU-wide operational services in the pipelineToday, EU-wide operational services in the pipeline

6. Space Weather projects in FP7 Effects on Ground Systems Induced currents (grids, pipelines) Effects on Spacecrafts and Humans in Space Science & Modelling Ionospheric effects Communication, Sat. Nav., GNSS timing DATA Tools and repositories Effects on the thermosphere Variations in satellite orbits due to drag

7. Current Rest of situation the world Strong efforts in the USStrong efforts in the US Forecasting: Focussed around the US Space Weather Prediction Center SWPC – NOAA Impacs and awareness raising: FEMA Interest in ChinaInterest in China Recent 15-year programme Programmes in many other countriesProgrammes in many other countries UN - UNCOPUOS Committe on the Peaceful Uses of Outer SpaceUN - UNCOPUOS Committe on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space International space weather initiative (sharing data, models etc) UN – WMO World Meteorological OrganisationUN – WMO World Meteorological Organisation International coordination of Space Weather activities Today, large scale public operational service at SWPC (NOAA, US)Today, large scale public operational service at SWPC (NOAA, US)

8. A general view of SSA Projects financed in the FP7 / Space Theme

9. Number of Space Weather related Projects (FP7 / Space Theme)

10. FP7 Call 6 - topic Reducing vulnerability of space infrastructure Space weather threats:Space weather threats: accurate modeling and impact assessment on affected systems, particularly GNSSaccurate modeling and impact assessment on affected systems, particularly GNSS Modelling collision interactions of micro- particles with satellitesModelling collision interactions of micro- particles with satellites Development of mitigation meansDevelopment of mitigation means Deadline 21 NovemberDeadline 21 November Dec-Feb 2012/2013: evaluation by REA Grant negotiation in 2013 2 x 2M€ Current Call for proposals

11. Space Weather is an area with a strong RTD growth An quick example: Registers* retrieved from INSPEC and IEEE Databases * Registers containing ”Space Weather” in the Title / Abstract / Descriptors and Keywords (INSPEC ~2000 / IEEE ~ 900)

12. Worldwide Activities in Space Weather USA maintains activities in almost all segments (i.e. Space Weather Week  1999…) NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) NAS – National Academy of Sciences encourage many Studies & Meetings NASA – Panels, Technology, Missions & Programmes (ACE, STEREO, SDO, LWS…) Europe: ESA + National Agencies + EU play an active role Well established transatlantic cooperation (i.e. SOHO, Solar Orbiter…, FP7 RTD projects AFFECTS,....) European Space Weather Week (  2004 ESA Round Tables & Workshops from mid-90’s) Space Weather: one of the three element of SSA (Space Situational Awareness) China has launched in 2010 a 15 year Space Weather Program (monitoring and forecast) …a long history…. United Nations International Space Weather Initiative (ISWI) since 2009. WMO Interprogramme Coordination Team (ICTSW) since 2010 A quick look! Societal concern regarding Space Weather. RTD activities in many regions

13. The future: gaps Until now, a small scale but concentrated effort in EuropeUntil now, a small scale but concentrated effort in Europe Scope for further consolidation and coordination of activities EU-ESAScope for further consolidation and coordination of activities EU-ESA Identification of gapsIdentification of gaps Knowledge gaps  research (EU - Horizon 2020) Knowledge gaps  research (EU - Horizon 2020) Observation capacity  space missions (ESA+ international coop.) Observation capacity  space missions (ESA+ international coop.) Data handling  operational infrastructure (ESA + member states) Data handling  operational infrastructure (ESA + member states) Cooperation with US, UN-WMO, etc.Cooperation with US, UN-WMO, etc.

14. The future:funding EU: Next multiannual budget period (2013-2020) Relevant EU programmesRelevant EU programmes Galileo, EGNOS, GMES: remain high priority Horizon 2020: space research, security research, research infrastructures Economic crisis & budget pressure:  Prioritisation and coordination neededEconomic crisis & budget pressure:  Prioritisation and coordination needed

15. Horizon 2020

16. Space programme ~240 M€/yr (similar to ESA RTD programmes, or National space RTD programmes combined) Leadership in enabling and industrial technologies ICT NMP Biotechnology Access to risk finance KETs Innovation in SMEs Space 1737 M€ NMP= Nanotechnologies, advanced materials and advanced manufacturing and processing Industrial Leadership

17. Objective for Space in Horizon 2020 Horizon 2020 Framework Programme proposal: Horizon 2020 has the ambition to … …. be an important element of the EU space policy …… enable and add value to future EU space missions (ESA) …….. develop in cooperation with Member States and ESA

18. The four objectives of Space in Horizon 2020 Enhance competitiveness, non-dependence, and innovation of EU space sector Enable advances in space technologiesEnable advances in space technologies Increase exploitation of space dataIncrease exploitation of space data Enable participation in global space partnershipsEnable participation in global space partnerships + relevant space applications under Societal Challenges Transport, Climate, Security,…..Transport, Climate, Security,…..

19. More information ec.europa.eu/embrace_space

20. Thank you!