1. SINE WAVES

2. TYPICAL SINE WAVE

3. Equation’s y(t)= A.(ωt+ ɸ ) where A- Amplitude ω- Angular Frequency( Also denoted by ‘f’) t – time period ɸ - phase Amplitude - maximum displacement of a periodic wave Time period- Time period is the time it takes for one complete cycle to occur. It will be measured in time. For example 40ms/cycle Frequency is how many cycles occur per unit time. Phase- is measured in angles (Not shown)

4. Calculating Time Period Q: Calculate the time period from the graph of the given sine wave. A- First calculate the corresponding t for the two peaks. In this case we have: ta=0.40 ms (approximately) tb=3.00 ms Therefore T= 3.00ms-0.40ms=2.40 ms Now try it for ta and tc and see what you get!! Hint: (time period should remain the same )

5. Calculating Frequency Q: Calculate the frequency for this sine wave: A : We know Frequency is calculated by F=1/T. So first calculate the time period for this wave: tb-ta= 3.00ms-0.4ms=2.4ms. 1ms= 1 millisecond= 0.001 sec. Therefore Frequency= 1/0.001=1000Hz or 1Khz. Now let the ta=1 ms and tb =4 ms. Calculate the T and then the frequency, using the above example.

6. Calculate the Amplitude Q: Calculate amplitude of the following sine wave: A : Time period can be calculated by subtracting the two end points showed by the two arrows in the figure. Amp 1= 2 v/v and Amp 2= 0 v/v Therefore Amplitude = Amp 1- Amp 2 = 2-0=2 units.

7. Different sounds produce different waves Sine wave experiment demo. In this picture, one of the student is holding a microphone, connected to an oscilloscope. In the screenshot, we can observe how a waveform is being generated in the oscilloscope. (Refer to video in the end ) Different waveforms are produced from different sounds. For example a vowel sine wave will vary from the consonant sine wave. Gentle sound will vary in amplitude as compared with the louder sound. Humming or singing will produce a less distorted or distinct sine wave.

8. 1khz sine wave Observe the T is much larger when frequency is low since is ‘T’ is inversely proportional to frequency

9. 2khz sine wave Observe the change in T, when the frequency is increased.

10. 5khz sine wave T is the smallest in this slide as compared to 1KHz and 2KHz.

11. Vowel ‘a’ ‘ Vowels’ have smaller frequencies compared to consonants or non-vowels. Therefore we can see how spaced out or bigger the time period is.

12. Vowel ‘e’

13. Vowel ‘I’

14. Vowel ‘o’

15. Vowel ‘u’

16. Consonant ‘shhhh’ Consonants have higher frequencies, compared to vowels. Therefore the time period is smaller as we can observe above.

17. Hisssssssss……..

18. Vvvvvv (lip)

19. Humming…….

20. Whistle….. ‘ Whistle’ on this occasion gives us a very pure form of sine wave.

21. Hello (loud) Louder the sound, higher the amplitude. As we can see here, the amplitude jumps drastically compared to the other waveforms we saw.

22. Hello (gentle) Observe the drop in amplitude, when the voice is lowered. The waveform is much more smaller in amplitude now.

23. LINK-

24. Link to the word document: