2. Main Idea Why It Matters Now In the first two years of the war, neither side gained a decisive victory over the other. A long war can cause much death and destruction and leave a bitter legacy.

3. 1863 What key events of the Civil War occurred between 1860 and 1863? September 17, 1862 Battle of Antietam June 25 to July 1, 1862 Seven Days’ Battles April 25, 1862 Fall of New OrleansApril 6, 1862 Battle of Shiloh Image February 1862 Capture of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson 1860

4. Why were Union victories in the West and the fall of New Orleans significant to the Union cause? Why did Lee go on the offensive against the North? How did the South’s fortunes change after Lee took command of the Army of Northern Virginia?

5. Why were Union victories in the West and the fall of New Orleans significant to the Union cause? They helped the Union to achieve its goal of cutting the Confederacy in two. Why did Lee go on the offensive against the North? Force Lincoln to talk peace, Give Virginia farmers a chance to harvest crops, South could plunder Northern crops for food How did the South’s fortunes change after Lee took command of the Army of Northern Virginia? It ended Union threat in Virginia and took the offensive against the Union army

6. Lincoln had trouble finding a good and aggressive general to led the Union troops

7. ULYSSES S GRANT – a Union general fighting in the west and winning battles President Grants Road to Success Video Clip

8. February 1862 – Union captures Fort Henry and opens the Mississippi River as a transportation route

9. A huge battle takes place at SHILOH – it is a Union victory 13,000 Union soldiers are wounded along with 10,000 Confederate soldiers

10. BATTLE OF SHILOH Video

11. April 1862 – Union captures New Orleans and soon controls most of the Mississippi River, cutting the South in two

12. CAVALRY – soldiers on horseback

13. SEVEN DAYS BATTLES – June/July 1862 – Confederate victory in Virginia that prevents the Union from attacking Richmond

14. Lee feels confident and decides to invade the North

15. 3 reasons Lee decides to attack the North: 1)Force Lincoln to talk peace 2)Give Virginia farmers a chance to harvest crops 3)South could plunder Northern crops for food

16. England and France were thinking about helping the South

17. A copy of Lee’s plans were left behind and found by a Union soldier

18. BATTLE OF ANTIETAM – Sept 1862 – bloodiest battle in American history 25,000 men wounded, Union victory but missed a chance to follow up the battle and finish the Southern army

19. BATTLE OF ANTIETAM Video Clip

20. Union general McClellan is fired by Lincoln for not following up

22. Back to Home Making Inferences What does Lee’s invasion of the North suggest about his qualities as a general and a leader? Think About Lee’s military skills and style the North’s resources

23. Back to Transparencies Critical Thinking: Cause and Effect

24. What were some similarities and differences between the North and the South? North More manpower 85 percent of nation’s factories Double the railroad mileage Almost all naval power and shipyards Both Believed in what they were fighting for Many eager volunteers Public support for the war South First-rate generals Defending the homeland King Cotton