1. Benchmarking for Improved Water Utility Performance

2. Benchmarking Water Services m.blokland@unesco-ihe.org

3. Contributing Partners UNESCO-IHE USP of Brazil CEPT University of India NWSC of Uganda Vewin/CDC of the Netherlands

4. Topic 5: Institutionalisation of Benchmarking (2) Benchmarking by Regulators

5. Voluntary (by utilities) Mandatory (by regulator) Implementation national policies: depends on cooperation utilities prescription of related indicators can be enforced and incentivized Ѵ ѴѴѴѴ Participating utilities: volunteering utilities only all utilities Ѵ Ѵ Incentives for performance improvement: name and shame carrot and stick options Ѵ Ѵ

6. Benchmarking by Regulators Benchmarking by the Zambian Regulator - NWASCO Source: NWASCO 2009

7. Benchmarking by Regulators Source: NWASCO 2009 Benchmarking by the Zambian Regulator - NWASCO

8. Benchmarking by the Kenyan Regulator - RWASEB Performance indicators and benchmarks Source: WASREB 2011 Benchmarking by Regulators

9. Source: WASREB 2011 Benchmarking by Regulators Benchmarking by the Kenyan Regulator - RWASEB

10. Benchmarking by the UK Regulator - OFWAT ‘’at present we regulate a large monopoly industry using comparative competition. We use comparative competition to encourage each company to meet the standards of the best performers Source: Ofwat 2009a Benchmarking by Regulators

11. Benchmarking by the UK Regulator - OFWAT OPA Source: Ofwat 2009b Benchmarking by Regulators

12. Benchmarking by the UK Regulator - OFWAT Greenhouse Gas Emissions per unit volume of water treated Source: Ofwat 2009b Total emissions: 3.7 mln ton CO2e/yr Benchmarking by Regulators

13. Benchmarking by the UK Regulator - OFWAT Climate change agenda: mitigation measures approved by the regulator as part of the future watsan charges for 2010-2015 Source: Ofwat 2009d i.e. – 15% Benchmarking by Regulators