1. 1.It is the pre-philosophical view : it is “common sense” 2. Language implies that we perceive objects in the external physical world. “I can see my friends, I can hear the traffic, I can taste the chicken, I can feel the wind in my face, and smell the exhaust fumes – I know I am in London” Definition : Direct Realism is the viewpoint that we perceive the external physical world directly, as it is.

2. 1.Perceptual Variation. Our view of the world varies. Different 2. Illusion 3. Hallucination and dreaming 4. Time lag Definition : Direct Realism is the viewpoint that we perceive the external physical world directly, as it is.

3. Definition : Indirect Realism is the viewpoint that we perceive sense-data, which is caused by and represents physical objects. 1.Perceptual Variation. Our view of the world varies. Different 2. Illusion 3. Hallucination and dreaming 4. Time lag

4. 1.The impossibility of finding evidence that disproves solipsism 2. The inseparability of primary from secondary qualities 3. The difference between the essential nature of sense-data (incorrigible, varying, private, fleeting) from physical objects (fallible, singular, public, enduring). Definition : Indirect Realism is the viewpoint that we perceive sense-data, which is caused by and represents physical objects.

5. Definition : Idealism is the viewpoint that the world is essentially mental (made of mind-dependent objects). 1. The inseparability of primary from secondary qualities 2. The difference between the essential nature of sense-data (incorrigible, varying, private, fleeting) from physical objects (fallible, singular, public, enduring). 3. The Master argument : “if you can conceive it to be possible that anything exists outside the mind, I will grant it”. But you can’t.

6. Responses the arguments raised in favour of idealism Definition : Idealism is the viewpoint that the world is essentially mental (made of mind-dependent objects). 1.The inseparability of primary from secondary qualities You can conceive of an object filling space (imagine a sphere underwater), as a logical relation. Does not require secondary qualities 2. The difference between the essential nature of sense-data (incorrigible, varying, private, fleeting) from physical objects (fallible, singular, public, enduring). These key differences are differences in presentation – but a film represents a scene acted out, even though one is 2 dimensional, and reproducible,.. 3. The Master argument : “if you can conceive it to be possible that anything exists outside the mind, I will grant it”. But you can’t. Berkeley is confusing ‘imagining the object’ with ‘imagining the possibility of the object’