1. COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA CHAPTER 13-3

2. SOCIAL CLASSES Within the lands of South America and Central America, a new civilization arose  Latin America Hierarchy of Social Classes Peninsulares: Spanish and Portuguese officials who had been born in Europe and held all important government positions. Creoles: descendants of Europeans born in Latin America, controlled land and business. Mestizos: descendants of 1 Euro parent and 1 Native America Mulattoes: descendants of 1 Euro parent and 1 African parent Pure natives and new enslaved Africans

3. COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA

4. ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS Gold and Silver Farming  plantations, became a more long- lasting and rewarding source or prosperity. Encomienda: the approval to capture Native Americas Mita: a process that allowed Europeans to draft native labor to work in the silver mines. (mostly in Peru)

5. CHURCH AND STATE Distance made communication very difficult between the mother countries and colonies New Officials were elected to run the colonies – Bureaucracy form of government The Portuguese & Spanish created the position of governor general, later known as Viceroys. Spain had 2 viceroys after 1543 with one in New Spain (Mexico) & the other in Peru.

6. CHURCH AND STATE With Catholicism being the main religion of Spain & Portugal we begin to see catholic missionaries such as Dominicans, Franciscan & Jesuits, came to the new world for the sole purpose of converting natives to Catholicism. These Missionaries organized into small villages or missions. Missionaries are also responsible for building cathedrals, hospitals, schools & orphanages. Juana Ines de la Cruz

7. EXIT ASSESSMENT Start your S.P.E.C. tables SocialPoliticalEconomicalCultural