1. Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Soft Palate Epiglottis Esophagus ENT www.freelivedoctor.com

2. Head & Neck (ENT) PATHOLOGY OTOLARYNGOLOGY www.freelivedoctor.com

3. Objective; Understand the common disorders of the upper airway and upper digestive tract (i.e., head and neck) in the usual context of: DEGENERATIVE, INFLAMMATORY, and NEOPLASTIC …deviations of normal anatomy and histology www.freelivedoctor.com

4. .ETIOLOGY.PATHOGENESIS.MORPHOLOGY.CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS www.freelivedoctor.com

5. EVERYTHING that touches AIR (columnar) or FOOD (squamous) in the HEAD/NECK region ORAL CAVITY “UPPER” RESPIRATORY TRACT EARSNOSE SALIVARY GLANDS www.freelivedoctor.com

7. ORAL CAVITY TEETH/GINGIVA/ALVEOLAR BONE INFLAMMATORY/”REACTIVE” LESIONS INFECTIONS: HSV, VIRAL, FUNGI LEUKOPLAKIA/”HAIRY” LEUKOPLAKIA SQUAMOUS TUMORS: BEN/MALIG ODONTOGENIC CYSTS/TUMORS www.freelivedoctor.com

8. UPPER AIRWAYS NOSE: Inflammation, Tumors NASOPHARYNX: Inflammation, Tumors PARANASAL SINUSES: Inflammation, Tumors LARYNX: Inflammation, Tumors www.freelivedoctor.com

9. EARS DEGENERATION: OTOSCLEROSIS INFLAMMATION: NEOPLASMS: www.freelivedoctor.com

10. NECK BRANCHIAL (cleft) CYST THYROGLOSSAL (duct/tract) CYST PARAGANGLIOMA (Carotid Body Tumor) www.freelivedoctor.com

11. SALIVARY GLANDS DEGENERATION: Xerostomia INFLAMMATION NEOPLASMS –BENIGN: Pleomorphic Adenoma (aka, “Mixed” Tumor), Warthin Tumor –MALIGNANT: (Mucoepidermoid, Adenoid Cystic, Adenocarcinomas ) www.freelivedoctor.com

13. Tooth Decay (Cavities, “Caries”) “Processed” carbohydrates, i.e., sugars Bacterial (Strep. mutans, lactobacilli) acidic erosion of enamel Role of pH, spacing, brushing, Fl Tartar  plaque  calculus = bacteria, proteins, cells www.freelivedoctor.com

16. Periodontal Disease Bacteria –Actinobacillus –Porphyromonas –Prevotella Gingiva, periodontal ligaments, bone, cementum www.freelivedoctor.com

17. “Irritation” Fibroma www.freelivedoctor.com

18. PYOGENIC GRANULOMA www.freelivedoctor.com

19. “Canker” sore = Aphthous ulcer www.freelivedoctor.com

20. Glossitis:

21. www.freelivedoctor.com herpes

22. www.freelivedoctor.com Herpes, dried vesicle with inflammation

23. www.freelivedoctor.com Herpes, dried vesicle with ulceration and secondary inflammation. Acute or chronic?

24. TZANCK SMEAR www.freelivedoctor.com

25. Monilia, thrush-mouth

26. www.freelivedoctor.com

28. LEUKOPLAKIA.

29. www.freelivedoctor.com “Hairy” leukoplakia

30. www.freelivedoctor.com

31. NORMAL  DYSPLASIA  CARCINOMA-IN-SITU  INFILTRATING MALIGNANCY www.freelivedoctor.com

32. INFILTRATIVE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

33. www.freelivedoctor.com squamous cell cancer,

34. WELL MODERATE POOR www.freelivedoctor.com

35. ODONTOGENIC CYSTS/TUMORS INFLAMMATORY CYSTS (e.g., “Radicular”[periapical] most common) DEVELOPMENTAL CYSTS (DENTIGEROUS most common) MALIGNANT TUMORS of ODONTOGENIC ORIGIN (AMELOBLASTOMAS) (rare) www.freelivedoctor.com

36. DENTIGEROUS CYST www.freelivedoctor.com

37. Rhinitis/Sinusitis Very often allergic, a swab showing many eosinophils may prove this Very often associated with URI’s in general, usually viral Just about every organism imaginable has been implicated at one time or another, bacteria, virus, fungus, etc. www.freelivedoctor.com

38. NOSE/SINUS/NASOPHARYNX “TUMORS” “Polyps”---really NOT a tumor Angiofibroma Papilloma Plasmacytoma Neuroblastoma Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma www.freelivedoctor.com

39. INFLAMMATORY “POLYPS” OF NASAL CAVITY www.freelivedoctor.com

40. Multiple appearances of nasal polyps

41. “NECROTIZING” Upper Airway Lesions “WEGENER” Granulomatosis “Lethal” Midline Granuloma www.freelivedoctor.com

42. PAPILLOMA “INVERTED” PAPILLOMA www.freelivedoctor.com

43. ANGIOFIBROMA www.freelivedoctor.com

44. PLASMACYTOMA www.freelivedoctor.com

45. NEUROBLASTOMA (OLFACTORY) ESTHESIONEUROBLASTOMA ROSETTE www.freelivedoctor.com

46. NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA www.freelivedoctor.com

47. normal vocal cords.

48. LARYNGITIS www.freelivedoctor.com

49. POLYPS PAPILLOMAS CARCINOMAS www.freelivedoctor.com

50. Polyp, or “singer’s” nodule

51. www.freelivedoctor.com Papilloma, but there may be some cancer microscopically.

52. www.freelivedoctor.com

54. Otitis externa

55. www.freelivedoctor.com normal tympanic membrane.

56. The Tympanic Cavity Chorda Tympani N. (CN VII) Tendon of Tensor Tympani M. (V 3 ) Incus Tendon of Stapedius M. (CN VII) Stapes Cut edge of tympanum Malleus www.freelivedoctor.com

57. Acute middle ear infection

58. www.freelivedoctor.com Chronic “serous” otitis media

59. www.freelivedoctor.com Cerumen impaction

60. CERUMEN CAST www.freelivedoctor.com

61. OTOSCLEROSIS www.freelivedoctor.com

63. CAROTID BODY TUMOR “balls of cells” “zellballen” ZELLBALLEN www.freelivedoctor.com

64. NORMAL ACUTE SIALADENITIS CHRONIC SIALADENITIS www.freelivedoctor.com

65. Squamous metaplasia of an interlobular duct

66. www.freelivedoctor.com Mucocele of an accessory salivary gland duct,

67. MUCOCELE www.freelivedoctor.com

68. PAROTIDPAROTID

69. Viral parotitis, i.e., mumps

70. Most Common SALIVARY Gland Tumors BENIGN –“PLEOmorphic adenoma, i.e., “MIXED” tumor” –Warthin Tumor (PAPILLARY CYSTADENOMA LYMPHOMATOSUM) MALIGNANT –All are adenocarcinomas. Why? –Mucoepidermoid carcinoma –Adenoid cystic carcinoma www.freelivedoctor.com

71. PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA i.e., MIXED TUMOR www.freelivedoctor.com

72. PAPILLARY CYSTADENOMA LYMPHOMATOSUM Better known as: WARTHIN TUMOR www.freelivedoctor.com

73. MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA www.freelivedoctor.com

74. ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA www.freelivedoctor.com