1. Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering (2150602) Government Engineering College Rajkot Civil Engineering Department Faculty Guide: Prof V.G.Yadav DROUGHT : Contingency Planning, Measures Group no :30 Prepared by ENR. NO.NAME 130200106002BAMTA SNEHA 130200106017GOSWAMI PREKSHA 130200106040PARKHIYA POOJA

2. Drought contingency planning  To provide contingency plans to manage drought and emergency conditions.  To continue to deliver a cost effective, adequate, safe and reliable supply of water.  The provision of credit or cash/food for work  Maintaining water supply for animals and humans

3.  Maintaining cereal availability  Human and livestock health service provision  Support for private sector  Provide fodder for affected stock  Flexible taxation systems for affected people

4. Drought contingency planning allow for implementation of :  Mitigation  Relief  Rehabilitation

5. Drought contingency planning for implementation:  Overall drought policy, setting out plans objectives of minimizing the impact of drought  Set plans for specific mitigation, relief and rehabilitation measures  Construction of dams and additional reservoirs for supply of water.  Cloud seeding- artificial rain

6.  Desalination of sea water for irrigation or consumption.  Drought monitoring by total rainfall levels and total usage levels  Land use by carefully planned crop rotation  Outdoor water use restriction  Rainwater harvesting  Recycled water  Relief works  Disease prevention and control

7. Contingency planning done by Govt.  Policy issues, national, regional and district level  rural development infrastructure  input supply, marketing and farm advisory services Non- Govt.  NGO’S  Rural institutions  Private sectors

8. Augmentation of water  It includes methods for providing an entirely new supply of fresh water and techniques for increasing utility of available supplies of water.  New supply of water include weather modification.  Weather modification done to increase precipitation and decrease Evapotranspiration.  Cloud seeding done to increase precipitation.

9. Available water supplies increased by conservation of available water supplies.  Agricultural water requirements can be reduced by reducing conveyance losses, and discouraging wasteful irrigation techniques.  Technique should be developed to reduce water consumption in home and industry.  Evaporation losses from small reservoirs can be reduced by providing roofs.

10.  Reclamation and reuse of waste water can be encouraged.  Evaporation loss in ground water is less. Use of ground water storage reservoir in conjunction with surface storage reservoirs.  Infiltration losses can be reduced by sealing the soil surface useful in arid regions.  Water harvesting done by collecting from roof top, pavements, constructing small storage.

11. Measures for water conservation Goals of water conservation efforts include:  Sustainability- ensure availability for future generations  Energy conservation- world 15% energy production dependent on water management.  Habitat conservation- preserve fresh water habitat, migrating waterfowl.

12. Benefits of water conservation:  Save water save money.  Reduction in excess water use reduce waste water generation, reduce overflowing of gutter.  Ecosystem and habitat protection.  Helps in improving quality of drinking water.

13. Water conservation measures by:  Domestic conservation  Industrial conservation  Agricultural conservation

14. Domestic conservation  Repair all leaks quickly  Turn off water when not in use  Use conserving appliance which use low volume water for domestic use  Local bodies should install water meter and encourage water pricing.

15. Industrial conservation  Use cooling system which use less water.  Reuse of cooling water for irrigation or other purposes.  Install in plant treatment measures for treating the waste water or effluent.

16. Agricultural (irrigation) conservation  Improved irrigation methods such as sprinklers or drip irrigation.  Water required for agricultural considerably reduced by reducing conveyance loss.  Evaporation losses from small reservoirs can be reduced by providing roofs over them.  Use of lined canals which reduce seepage and evaporation.

17.  Use of ground water storage reservoir in conjunction with modern surface storage reservoirs to reduce evaporation loss, in arid regions.  Price agricultural water to encourage conservation.  Infiltration losses reduced by sealing soil surface.  Water harvesting in arid regions.

18. For conservation of water the following structures can be constructed:  Earthen bund  Gully plugging  Check dam  Khet talawadi

19. Earthen bund

20. Gully plugging

21. Check dam

22. Khet Talawadi

23. REFERENCE Dr. R.B. Khasiya, Hydrology and water resources engineering